Kugeza ubu, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byahindutse icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere ryinganda zimodoka.Mu rwego rwo guhaza isoko, abatanga ibinyabiziga byinshi gakondo batangiye guhindukirira kubyara ibicuruzwa bishya bijyanye ningufu, nka moteri, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nibindi nkumuhuza uhuza ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki, ibyuma bifata insinga bigira uruhare runini. mu binyabiziga bishya.Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, ibikoresho bigenda byongerwa kuva ku nsinga z'umuringa gakondo kugeza ku bikoresho bifite amashanyarazi menshi, nka aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu cyangwa karuboni fibre.Byongeye kandi, iterambere rya tekinoroji yo kwishyuza idafite kandi iratanga amahirwe yo kumenya ibyuma byogukoresha ibyuma byikora byuzuye mugihe kizaza.Nkigice cyingenzi cyo guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo gukoresha insinga bigira uruhare runini mumodoka nshya yingufu.
Ibikoresho bishya byogukoresha ingufu bivuga ibyuma byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa mumodoka nshya yingufu, kikaba igice cyingenzi cyimodoka nshya.Igizwe ahanini ninsinga, insinga, umuhuza, gukata, nibindi, bikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu nibimenyetso, guhuza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho bitandukanye, kugirango bigere kumikorere isanzwe yimodoka nshya.
Ugereranije n’ibinyabiziga bya peteroli gakondo, ibinyabiziga bishya byongeweho ibikoresho byingenzi nka bateri na moteri, bisaba ibyuma bifata insinga kugirango bihuze.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu cyerekezo cy’ubwenge no guhuza imiyoboro, umubare w’ibikoresho bya elegitoronike mu modoka nabyo byiyongereye cyane, ibyo bigatuma ibyifuzo by’insinga byiyongera cyane.
Gukoresha ingufu nshya bifite ibimenyetso bikurikira:
1.Umubyigano mwinshi: Umuvuduko wa batiri yimodoka nshya yingufu ni mwinshi, muri rusange hejuru ya 300V, bityo ibikoresho bishya bikenera kwihanganira ingufu nyinshi.
2. Umuyoboro munini: Imbaraga za moteri yimodoka nshya yingufu nini, kandi igomba kohereza amashanyarazi menshi, bityo ingufu nshya zikeneye kugira umuyoboro munini uhuza ibice.
3. Kurwanya-kwivanga: Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'ibinyabiziga bishya biragoye kandi irashobora kwibasirwa na electromagnetic, bityo rero ibikoresho bishya byo gukoresha ingufu bigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya.
4. Umucyo woroshye: Imodoka nshya zifite ingufu zisabwa cyane, bityo ibikoresho bishya byo gukoresha ingufu bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje, nk'insinga za aluminiyumu, gukata urukuta ruto, n'ibindi.
5. Kwizerwa cyane: gukoresha ibidukikije byimodoka nshya birakaze kandi bigomba guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushuhe, kunyeganyega, nibindi, bityo ibikoresho bishya bigomba kuba byizewe kandi biramba.
Igikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bishya byingufu zikoreshwa muri rusange zirimo intambwe zikurikira:
1. Gukata: Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, gabanya inkoni y'umuringa cyangwa inkoni ya aluminiyumu mu burebure bukenewe bw'insinga.
2. Kwiyambura neza: Kuramo uruhu rwinyuma rwumugozi kugirango ugaragaze umuyobozi.
3. Umugozi uhindagurika: Werekeje insinga nyinshi hamwe kugirango wongere igice cyambukiranya imbaraga nimbaraga zuyobora.
4. Kwikingira: Gupfunyika ibikoresho byokwirinda hejuru yuyobora kugirango wirinde imiyoboro migufi hagati yabatwara kandi wirinde ko uwuyobora adahura n’ibidukikije.
5. Cabling: Yahinduye insinga nyinshi zifunguye hamwe kugirango zikore umugozi.
6. Icyatsi: Gupfunyika ibikoresho byurupapuro hejuru yumugozi kugirango urinde umugozi kwangirika kwangiza no kwangiza ibidukikije.
7. Ikimenyetso: Ikimenyetso cyerekana, ibisobanuro, itariki yatangiweho nandi makuru kuri kabili.
8. Kwipimisha: Imikorere y'amashanyarazi ya kabili irageragezwa kugirango irebe ko yujuje ubuziranenge n'ibisobanuro bijyanye.
9. Gupakira: Shyira umugozi mumuzingo cyangwa udusanduku two gutwara no kubika.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nuburyo rusange bwo gukora ibikoresho bishya, kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwingufu nshya bushobora kuba butandukanye.Mubikorwa byo gukora, birakenewe gukurikiza byimazeyo ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nibisobanuro kugira ngo ubuziranenge n'imikorere by'ingufu nshya byujuje ibisabwa.
Ibipimo byo kwipimisha ibikoresho bishya byingufu zikubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira:
1. Igenzura ryibigaragara: Reba niba isura yuburyo bushya bwo gukoresha insinga zujuje ibisabwa, nko kumenya niba hari ibyangiritse, deformasiyo, ibishushanyo, nibindi.
2. Kugenzura ingano: Reba niba ingano yububiko bushya bwingufu zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, nkumuyoboro uhuza ibice, umurambararo wa diameter, uburebure bwa kabili, nibindi.
3. Ikizamini cyo gukora amashanyarazi: gerageza imikorere yamashanyarazi yuburyo bushya bwo gukoresha insinga, nko kurwanya imiyoboro, kurwanya insulasiyo, kurwanya voltage, nibindi.
4. Ikizamini cyimiterere yikigereranyo: gerageza imiterere yubukorikori bushya bwo gukoresha insinga zingufu, nkimbaraga zingutu, imbaraga zunama, kwihanganira kwambara, nibindi.
5. Ikizamini cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije: gerageza imikorere y’ingufu nshya zikoresha insinga mu bihe bitandukanye by’ibidukikije, nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke, ubushuhe, kunyeganyega, nibindi.
6. Ikizamini cya flame retardant ikizamini: gerageza imikorere ya flame retardant yimikorere mishya yingufu zikoresha ingufu kugirango urebe ko itazatwika umuriro mugihe habaye umuriro.
7. Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ruswa: gerageza kwangirika kwangirika kwingufu nshya zikoresha insinga kugirango urebe ko ishobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe ahantu habi.
8. Ikizamini cyo kwizerwa: gerageza kwizerwa no kuramba kwingufu nshya kugirango urebe ko ishobora gukora neza igihe kirekire.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nuburyo rusange bwikizamini cyo gukoresha ingufu nshya, kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwingufu nshya zishobora kuba zitandukanye.Mubikorwa byo kwipimisha, birakenewe gukurikiza byimazeyo ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nibisobanuro kugirango harebwe niba ubuziranenge n’imikorere y’ingufu nshya byujuje ibisabwa.
Gukoresha ingufu nshya nigice cyingenzi cyimodoka nshya zingufu, kandi ubuziranenge bwacyo nibikorwa byayo bigira ingaruka kumutekano, kwizerwa no mubuzima bwimodoka nshya.Kubwibyo, gushushanya, gukora no kugerageza ibikoresho bishya byogukoresha ingufu bigomba gukorwa hubahirijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nibisobanuro kugira ngo ubuziranenge n'imikorere byujuje ibisabwa.Mu myaka mike iri imbere, uko guverinoma zongera inkunga muri politiki yo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ndetse n’abaguzi batezimbere ibidukikije, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizakomeza gukomeza iterambere ryihuse.Ibi bizatwara ibikoresho bifitanye isano nibisabwa kugirango turusheho kwiyongera.Muri icyo gihe, ubwenge n’urusobe nabyo bizahinduka inzira yiterambere ryimodoka nshya zingufu, zizazana umwanya mushya wo gukoresha inganda zikoresha insinga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2023