Sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri BMS Ubumenyi n'imikorere, Intangiriro

Izina ryuzuye rya BMS ni Sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri.Nigikoresho gikurikirana uko bateri zibika ingufu.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubuyobozi bwubwenge no gufata neza selile ya bateri kugiti cye, kwirinda gukabya gukabya no kurenza urugero kuri bateri, kongera igihe cya bateri, no gukurikirana uko bateri ihagaze.Mubisanzwe, BMS igaragazwa nkumuzunguruko cyangwa agasanduku k'ibyuma.

 

BMS ni bumwe mu buryo bwibanze bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri, ishinzwe gukurikirana imikorere ya buri bateri mu gice kibika ingufu za batiri no kugenzura imikorere yizewe kandi yizewe y’ikigo kibika ingufu.BMS irashobora gukurikirana no gukusanya ibipimo byimiterere ya bateri yo kubika ingufu mugihe nyacyo (harimo ariko ntibigarukira kuri voltage imwe ya selile imwe, ubushyuhe bwa pole ya batiri, amashanyarazi ya batiri, amashanyarazi ya bateri yumuriro wa voltage, sisitemu yo gukingira bateri, nibindi), na kora isesengura rikenewe no kubara kubintu bifatika kugirango ubone byinshi sisitemu yo gusuzuma ibipimo.Irashobora kandi kugera ku kugenzura neza bateri yo kubika ingufu ubwayo ukurikije ingamba zihariye zo kugenzura kurinda kugirango habeho imikorere yizewe kandi yizewe yububiko bwose bubika ingufu.Muri icyo gihe, BMS irashobora gukorana nibindi bikoresho byo hanze (PCS, EMS, sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro, nibindi) ibinyujije mu itumanaho ryayo bwite hamwe na analogi / interineti yinjiza kugira ngo igenzure ihuza rya sisitemu zitandukanye mu mbaraga zose zo kubika ingufu. sitasiyo, kwemeza umutekano, wizewe, kandi neza imikorere ya gride ihuza amashanyarazi.

2) Ubwubatsi

Duhereye ku myubakire ya topologiya, BMS igabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: byegeranye kandi bigabanywa ukurikije imishinga itandukanye.

 

BMS Hagati

Muri make, BMS yibanze ikoresha ibyuma bya BMS imwe kugirango ikusanyirize hamwe selile zose, zikwiranye na ssenariyo hamwe na selile nkeya.

Hagati ya BMS ifite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito, imiterere yoroheje, no kwizerwa cyane, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mubihe bifite ubushobozi buke, umuvuduko muke wose, hamwe nubunini bwa sisitemu ya batiri, nkibikoresho byamashanyarazi, robot (gukoresha robot, robot zifasha), Amazu yubwenge ya IOT (robot ikubura, isuku yumuriro wamashanyarazi), amashanyarazi yumuriro, ibinyabiziga byihuta byamashanyarazi (amagare yamashanyarazi, amapikipiki yumuriro, amamodoka atembera amashanyarazi, imodoka zishinzwe irondo ryamashanyarazi, amakarita ya golf yamashanyarazi, nibindi), nibinyabiziga bivangavanze.

Ibyuma bya BMS bikomatanyirijwe birashobora kugabanywa mubice byinshi byumuvuduko mwinshi.Agace k’umuriro mwinshi gashinzwe gukusanya ingufu za selile imwe, sisitemu yuzuye ya voltage, hamwe no gukurikirana izirinda.Agace gafite ingufu nkeya karimo amashanyarazi, imiyoboro ya CPU, imiyoboro y'itumanaho rya CAN, imiyoboro igenzura, nibindi.

Nka sisitemu ya batiri yingufu zibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi ikomeje gutera imbere igana ku bushobozi buhanitse, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe nubunini bunini, ubwubatsi bwa BMS bwagabanijwe bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucomeka imvange n’imodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza.

Ikwirakwizwa rya BMS

Kugeza ubu, hari amagambo atandukanye yo gukwirakwiza BMS mu nganda, kandi ibigo bitandukanye bifite amazina atandukanye.Amashanyarazi ya BMS ahanini afite umutware-imbata ibyiciro bibiri:

 

Ububiko bw'ingufu BMS mubusanzwe ni ibyiciro bitatu byubatswe bitewe nubunini bunini bwapaki ya bateri, hamwe na master igenzura hejuru yumucakara hamwe nubugenzuzi bukuru.

Nkuko batteri ikora cluster ya bateri, nayo igakora stacks, BMS yo mu byiciro bitatu nayo ikurikiza amategeko amwe yo hejuru:

Kuva kugenzura: ishami rishinzwe gucunga bateri (BMU), ikusanya amakuru muri bateri imwe.

Kurikirana voltage nubushyuhe bwa selile ya batiri

Kuringaniza Bateri muri paki

Kohereza amakuru

gucunga ubushyuhe

Impuruza idasanzwe

Igenzura rikuru: Ishami rishinzwe gucunga bateri: BCU (ishami rya cluster ya batiri, izwi kandi nkigice cyo gucunga amashanyarazi menshi HVU, BCMU, nibindi), ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru ya BMU no gukusanya amakuru ya cluster.

Amashanyarazi ya batiri agezweho, kugura voltage yose, gutahura

Kurinda amashanyarazi mugihe bateri idasanzwe

Mu buyobozi bwa BMS, kalibrasi yubushobozi hamwe na kalibibasi ya SOC irashobora kurangizwa ukundi nkibanze kugirango habeho kwishyuza no gusohora

Ishami rishinzwe gucunga bateri (BAU) ishinzwe gucunga neza bateri mububiko bwose bwo kubika ingufu.Ihuza ibice bitandukanye byo gucunga bateri no guhana amakuru nibindi bikoresho kugirango itange ibitekerezo kumikorere yimikorere ya bateri.

Kwishyuza no gusohora imiyoborere ya bateri

Sisitemu ya BMS yo kwisuzuma no gutabaza amakosa

Impanuka ya bateri yamashanyarazi

Kurinda umutekano kubintu bitandukanye bidasanzwe namakosa muri bateri

Ganira nibindi bikoresho nka PCS na EMS

Kubika amakuru, kohereza no gutunganya

Imicungire ya bateri: ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru atandukanye (voltage, ubushyuhe) ya batteri kugiti cye, kubara no gusesengura SOC na SOH ya bateri, kugera kuburinganire buringaniye bwa bateri kugiti cye, no kohereza amakuru adasanzwe ya bateri kugiti cya BCMU.Binyuze muri CAN itumanaho ryo hanze, rirahuzwa binyuze mumurongo wa dais.

Imicungire ya bateri: ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru atandukanye muri bateri imwe yashyizweho na BMU, gukusanya amakuru atandukanye yerekeye ipaki ya batiri (voltage yamashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bwapaki), ipaki ya batiri yishyuza nogusohora amashanyarazi, kubara no gusesengura SOC na SOH yububiko bwa batiri , no kohereza amakuru yose kuri bateri ya cluster igizwe na BAMS.Binyuze muri CAN itumanaho ryo hanze, rirahuzwa binyuze mumurongo wa dais.

Imicungire ya cluster ya bateri: ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru atandukanye ya batiri yoherejwe na BCMU no kohereza amakuru yose muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za EMS binyuze muri interineti ya RJ45;kuvugana na PCS kugirango wohereze amakuru adasanzwe ya bateri kuri PCS (Imigaragarire ya CAN cyangwa RS485), kandi ifite ibikoresho byumye byumye kugirango ivugane na PCS.Mubyongeyeho, ikora sisitemu ya batiri BSE (Ikigereranyo cya Batteri ya Leta), kugenzura sisitemu yumuriro wamashanyarazi, gucunga abahuza, gucunga amashyuza, gucunga ibikorwa, gucunga amafaranga, gucunga neza, no gukora imiyoboro y'itumanaho imbere no hanze.Gushyikirana nabayoborwa binyuze muri CAN.

3) BMS ikora iki?

Imikorere ya BMS ni myinshi, ariko ibyingenzi nibyo duhangayikishijwe cyane ni ibintu bitatu:

Imwe ni sensing (ubuyobozi bwa leta), nigikorwa cyibanze cya BMS.Ipima voltage, irwanya, ubushyuhe, kandi amaherezo ikumva uko bateri imeze.Turashaka kumenya uko bateri imeze, ingufu nubushobozi bingana, ubuzima bwiza, ingufu zitanga, nuburyo bifite umutekano.Ibi birumvikana.

Iya kabiri ni imiyoborere (gucunga neza).Abantu bamwe bavuga ko BMS ari umubyara wa batiri.Noneho uyu mubyara agomba kubicunga.Gucunga iki?Nugukora bateri neza bishoboka.Ibyingenzi cyane ni uburinganire bwo gucunga no gucunga amashyuza.

Icya gatatu ni ukurinda (gucunga umutekano).Umubyaza afite n'akazi akora.Niba bateri ifite statut runaka, igomba gukingirwa kandi hagomba kuzamurwa impuruza.

Byumvikane ko, hari nogucunga itumanaho ryohereza amakuru muri sisitemu cyangwa hanze ya sisitemu binyuze muri protocole runaka.

BMS ifite indi mirimo myinshi, nko kugenzura imikorere, kugenzura insulation, gucunga amashyuza, nibindi, bitaganiriweho hano.

 

3.1 Imyumvire - Gupima no Kugereranya

Igikorwa cyibanze cya BMS nugupima no kugereranya ibipimo bya batiri, harimo ibipimo byibanze nka voltage, ikigezweho, ubushyuhe, na leta, kimwe no kubara amakuru ya leta ya batiri nka SOC na SOH.Umwanya wa bateri yingufu zirimo no kubara SOP (leta yingufu) na SOE (leta yingufu), bitaganiriweho hano.Tuzibanda kubintu bibiri byambere bikoreshwa cyane.

Ibipimo by'akagari

1.

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3) Umuyoboro mwinshi wa interineti (HVIL): ukoreshwa mu kwemeza ubusugire bwa sisitemu yose y’umuvuduko mwinshi no gutangiza ingamba z'umutekano mugihe ubusugire bwa sisitemu yo hejuru ya voltage ihungabanye.

Kubara SOC

SOC bivuga Leta ishinzwe, nubushobozi busigaye bwa bateri.Muri make, nuburyo imbaraga zisigaye muri bateri.

SOC nikintu cyingenzi muri BMS, nkibindi byose bishingiye kuri yo.Kubwibyo, ubunyangamugayo nabwo bukomeye (bizwi kandi nkubushobozi bwo gukosora amakosa) ni ngombwa cyane.Hatariho SOC nyayo, ntamikorere yuburinzi ishobora gutuma BMS ikora neza, kuko bateri akenshi izaba imeze neza, bigatuma bidashoboka kongera igihe cya bateri.

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukuru bwo kugereranya SOC burimo uburyo bwo gufungura amashanyarazi ya voltage, uburyo bwo guhuza ubu, uburyo bwa Kalman bwo kuyungurura, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro.Uburyo bubiri bwa mbere bukoreshwa cyane.Uburyo bubiri bwa nyuma burimo ubumenyi buhanitse nkuburyo bwo guhuza hamwe nubwenge bwubuhanga, bidasobanuwe hano.

Mubikorwa bifatika, algorithms nyinshi zikoreshwa kenshi muguhuza, hamwe na algorithms zitandukanye zifatwa bitewe na bateri yumuriro no gusohora.

fungura inzira yumuzunguruko

Ihame ryuburyo bwa voltage yumurongo nuburyo bukoreshwa mugukoresha isano iri hagati yimikorere ya voltage yumuriro na SOC mugihe cyigihe kirekire cyo gushyira bateri, bityo ugereranya SOC ishingiye kumashanyarazi afunguye.Igare ryamashanyarazi ryakoreshwaga mbere-igare ikoresha ubu buryo bwo kugereranya SOC.Gufungura-amashanyarazi ya voltage uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye, ariko hariho nibibi byinshi:

1. Batare igomba gusigara ihagaze umwanya muremure, bitabaye ibyo voltage yumuzunguruko ifunguye bizagorana guhagarara mugihe gito;

2. Hariho plateau ya voltage muri batteri, cyane cyane bateri ya lithium fer fosifate, aho voltage yumurongo hamwe nu murongo wa SOC bigereranijwe kumurongo mugihe cya SOC30% -80%;

3. Batare iri mubushyuhe butandukanye cyangwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byubuzima, kandi nubwo voltage yumuzunguruko ifunguye ari imwe, itandukaniro rya SOC rishobora kuba rinini;

Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, iyo dukoresheje igare ryamashanyarazi, niba SOC iriho yerekanwe nka 100%, voltage igabanuka iyo yihuta, kandi imbaraga zishobora kugaragara nka 80%.Iyo duhagaritse kwihuta, voltage irazamuka, kandi imbaraga zisubira inyuma 100%.Amashanyarazi yacu rero yerekana amashanyarazi ntabwo arukuri.Iyo duhagaritse, ifite imbaraga, ariko iyo dutangiye, ibura imbaraga.Ibi ntibishobora kuba ikibazo kuri bateri, ariko birashobora guterwa na SoC algorithm ya BMS kuba yoroshye cyane.

Uburyo bwa An-Shi

Uburyo bwa Anshicontinuous uburyo bwo kubara butaziguye agaciro ka SOC mugihe nyacyo binyuze mubisobanuro bya SOC.

Urebye agaciro ka mbere ka SOC, mugihe cyose igipimo cya batiri gishobora gupimwa (aho imyuka isohoka ari nziza), ihinduka ryubushobozi bwa batiri rirashobora kubarwa neza binyuze mubikorwa byubu, bikavamo SOC isigaye.

Ubu buryo bufite igereranyo cyizewe cyo kugereranya ibisubizo mugihe gito, ariko kubera amakosa yo gupimwa ya sensor ya none no kwangirika buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwa bateri, kwishyira hamwe kwigihe kirekire bizana gutandukana.Kubwibyo, muri rusange ikoreshwa ifatanije nuburyo bwo gufungura amashanyarazi ya voltage kugirango igereranye agaciro kambere kubigereranyo bya SOC hamwe nibisabwa bike, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyungurura Kalman muburyo bwo guhanura igihe gito SOC.

SOC (Leta ishinzwe) ni iyibanze kugenzura algorithm ya BMS, igereranya ubushobozi busigaye.Byagerwaho cyane cyane muburyo bwa ampere-isaha yo guhuza hamwe na EKF (Yaguwe ya Kalman Filter) algorithm, ihujwe ningamba zo gukosora (nko gukosora amashanyarazi yumuriro, gukosora byuzuye, gukosora amaherezo, gukosora ubushobozi mubushyuhe butandukanye na SOH, n'ibindi).Uburyo bwa ampere-isaha yo guhuza byizewe muburyo bwo kwemeza ko ibyaguzwe neza, ariko ntabwo bikomeye.Bitewe no gukusanya amakosa, bigomba guhuzwa ningamba zo gukosora.Uburyo bwa EKF burakomeye ariko algorithm iragoye kandi iragoye kuyishyira mubikorwa.Abakora ibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu barashobora kugera kubwukuri buri munsi ya 6% mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ariko kugereranya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke hamwe no kwiyongera kwa batiri biragoye.

Gukosora SOC

Kubera ihindagurika ryubu, ibigereranyo SOC ishobora kuba idahwitse, kandi ingamba zitandukanye zo gukosora zigomba kwinjizwa mubikorwa byo kugereranya.

 

Kubara SOH

SOH bivuga Leta yubuzima, yerekana uko ubuzima bwa bateri bumeze (cyangwa urugero rwo kwangirika kwa batiri).Ubusanzwe igaragazwa nkigiciro kiri hagati ya 0 na 100%, hamwe nagaciro kari munsi ya 80% muri rusange bifatwa nkikerekana ko bateri itagikoreshwa.Irashobora kugaragazwa nimpinduka mubushobozi bwa bateri cyangwa kurwanya imbere.Iyo ukoresheje ubushobozi, ubushobozi nyabwo bwa bateri iriho ubu bugereranijwe hashingiwe kumibare yavuye mubikorwa bya bateri, kandi igipimo cyibi nubushobozi bwapimwe ni SOH.SOH nyayo izamura igereranya ryukuri ryizindi module mugihe bateri yangiritse.

Hano haribisobanuro bibiri bitandukanye bya SOH muruganda:

SOH ibisobanuro bishingiye kubushobozi bugenda bugabanuka

Mugihe cyo gukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion, ibikoresho bikora imbere muri bateri bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kurwanya imbere biriyongera, kandi ubushobozi buragabanuka.Kubwibyo, SOH irashobora kugereranywa nubushobozi bwa bateri.Imiterere yubuzima bwa bateri igaragazwa nkikigereranyo cyubushobozi buriho nubushobozi bwambere, kandi SOH yayo isobanurwa nk:

SOH = (C_urwego-C_fade) / C_urwego × 100%

Aho: C_fade nubushobozi bwatakaye bwa bateri;C_ibipimo nubushobozi bwizina.

IEEE isanzwe 1188-1996 iteganya ko mugihe ubushobozi bwa bateri yumuriro bugabanutse kugera kuri 80%, bateri igomba gusimburwa.Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe dutekereza ko bateri SOH itaboneka mugihe iri munsi ya 80%.

SOH ibisobanuro bishingiye ku kongera imbaraga (Power Fade)

Gusaza kwubwoko bwose bwa bateri bizatuma kwiyongera kwa bateri imbere.Iyo hejuru yo kurwanya imbere ya bateri, niko imbaraga ziboneka.Kubwibyo, SOH irashobora kugereranywa ukoresheje imbaraga za attenuation.

3.2 Ubuyobozi - Ikoranabuhanga riringaniye

Buri bateri ifite “imiterere” yayo

Kugirango tuvuge kuringaniza, tugomba guhera kuri bateri.Ndetse na bateri zakozwe mugice kimwe nu ruganda rumwe zifite ubuzima bwazo hamwe n "imiterere" - ubushobozi bwa buri bateri ntibushobora kuba bumwe.Hariho impamvu zibiri zitera uku kudahuza:

Imwe muriyo ni ukudahuza umusaruro wa selile

Imwe ni ukudahuza reaction ya electrochemic reaction.

umusaruro udahuye

Kudahuza umusaruro biroroshye kubyumva.Kurugero, mugihe cyibikorwa byo gukora, diaphragm idahuye hamwe na cathode na anode ibikoresho bidahuye bishobora kuvamo ubushobozi bwa bateri muri rusange.Batare isanzwe ya 50AH irashobora guhinduka 49AH cyangwa 51AH.

amashanyarazi adahuye

Kudahuza amashanyarazi ni uko mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri no gusohora, kabone niyo umusaruro nogutunganya utugingo twombi bisa, ibidukikije byubushyuhe ntibishobora na rimwe guhuza inzira ya reaction ya electrochemic.Kurugero, mugihe ukora moderi ya batiri, ubushyuhe bwimpeta ikikije igomba kuba munsi yubwa hagati.Ibi bivamo guhuza igihe kirekire hagati yo kwishyuza no gusohora amafaranga, ari nako biganisha ku bushobozi bwa selile idahuye;Mugihe kwishyuza no gusohora amashanyarazi ya firime ya SEI kuri selire ya bateri bidahuye igihe kinini, gusaza kwa firime ya SEI nabyo ntibizaba bihuye.

* Filime ya SEI: “Imigaragarire ikomeye ya electrolyte” (interineti ikomeye ya electrolyte).Mugihe cyambere cyo gusohora amashanyarazi ya batiri ya lithium ion, ibikoresho bya electrode bifata hamwe na electrolyte kumurongo wa feri ikomeye-ya feri kugirango ikore passivation itwikiriye hejuru yibikoresho bya electrode.SEI firime ni insuliranteri ya elegitoronike ariko ikayobora neza ya lithium ion, ntabwo irinda electrode gusa ahubwo inagira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri.Gusaza kwa firime ya SEI bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwa bateri.

Kubwibyo, kudahuza (cyangwa ubushishozi) bipaki ya batiri ni byanze bikunze kwigaragaza kwa bateri.

Kuki hakenewe kuringaniza

Batteri ziratandukanye, none kuki utagerageza kubikora?Kuberako kudahuza bizagira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri.

Ipaki ya batiri murukurikirane ikurikira ingaruka ngufi-ya barrale: muri sisitemu yo gupakira bateri ikurikiranye, ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yose ipakira bateri igenwa nigice gito.

Dufate ko dufite ipaki ya batiri igizwe na bateri eshatu:

e menya ko kwishyuza birenze urugero no kurenza urugero bishobora kwangiza cyane bateri.Kubwibyo, iyo bateri B yuzuye mugihe cyo kwishyuza cyangwa mugihe SoC ya bateri B iba mike cyane mugihe cyo gusohora, birakenewe guhagarika kwishyuza no gusohora kugirango irinde bateri B. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imbaraga za bateri A na C ntishobora kuba yuzuye ikoreshwa.

Ibi biganisha kuri:

Ubushobozi nyabwo bwakoreshwa mubipaki ya batiri bwaragabanutse: Bateri A na C, yashoboraga gukoresha ubushobozi buhari, ubu ntibashobora kubikora kugirango babashe kwakira Bateri B. Bimeze nkabantu babiri kumaguru atatu baboshye hamwe, hamwe na umuntu muremure udashobora gutera intambwe nini.

Kugabanya ubuzima bwa bateri: Uburebure buke butera intambwe nyinshi kandi butuma amaguru aruha.Hamwe nubushobozi bugabanutse, umubare wamafaranga yishyurwa nogusohora byiyongera, bigatuma bateri yangirika cyane.Kurugero, selile imwe irashobora kugera kumuzingo 4000 kuri 100% DoD, ariko mugukoresha mubyukuri ntishobora kugera 100% kandi umubare wizunguruka ntuzagera kuri 4000.

* DoD, Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora, byerekana ijanisha ryubushobozi bwo gusohora bateri kubushobozi bwagenwe bwa bateri.

Kudahuza kwa bateri biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimikorere ya paki ya batiri.Iyo ingano ya module ya bateri ari nini, imirongo myinshi ya bateri ihujwe murukurikirane, kandi itandukaniro rinini rya voltage rizatera ubushobozi agasanduku kose kugabanuka.Iyo bateri nyinshi zahujwe murukurikirane, niko ubushobozi butakaza.Ariko, mubisabwa, cyane cyane mububiko bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, hari ibintu bibiri byingenzi bisabwa:

Iya mbere ni bateri yubuzima burebure, irashobora kugabanya cyane ibikorwa no kubungabunga ibiciro.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ifite ibisabwa byinshi mubuzima bwa paki ya batiri.Byinshi murugo byateguwe imyaka 15.Niba dufashe inzinguzingo 300 ku mwaka, imyaka 15 ni 4500 cycle, iracyari hejuru cyane.Tugomba kwagura ubuzima bwa buri bateri kugirango ubuzima bwuzuye bwamapaki yose ya batiri bushobore kugera kubishushanyo mbonera bishoboka, kandi bigabanye ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza bateri kubuzima bwa paki.

Umuzenguruko wa kabiri wimbitse, cyane cyane muburyo bwo gusaba kogosha impinga, kurekura kWt imwe yumuriro w'amashanyarazi bizazana indi ngingo yinjiza.Nukuvuga, tuzakora 80% DoD cyangwa 90% DoD.Iyo uruziga rwimbitse rukoreshejwe muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, ikwirakwizwa rya batiri mugihe cyo gusohora umurizo rizagaragara.Kubwibyo, kugirango harebwe niba irekurwa ryuzuye ryubushobozi bwa buri selile imwe murwego rwo kwishyuza cyane no gusohora cyane, birakenewe ko bisaba ingufu za BMS kugira ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gucunga no kuringaniza ibibaho bihoraho muri selile za batiri .

Ibi bisabwa byombi bihabanye rwose na bateri idahuye.Kugirango tugere kuri porogaramu zuzuye za batiri, tugomba kugira tekinoroji iringaniza kugirango igabanye ingaruka ziterwa na bateri.

tekinoroji iringaniye

Tekinoroji yo kuringaniza bateri nuburyo bwo gukora bateri zifite ubushobozi butandukanye bumwe.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kuringaniza: gukwirakwiza ingufu zingana kuringaniza (kuringaniza pasiporo) no guhererekanya ingufu zingana (kuringaniza ibikorwa).

(1) Impirimbanyi

Ihame ryo kuringaniza passiyo ni ukuringaniza ibintu bishobora guhinduranya ibintu kuri buri mugozi wa bateri.BMS igenzura imyuka isohoka kugirango isohore ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi, ikwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi nk'ubushyuhe.Kurugero, iyo bateri B yuzuye hafi yuzuye, switch irakingurwa kugirango yemere résistoriste kuri bateri B gukwirakwiza ingufu zamashanyarazi zirenze nkubushyuhe.Noneho kwishyuza birakomeza kugeza bateri A na C nazo zashizwe byuzuye.

Ubu buryo bushobora gusohora gusa selile nini cyane, kandi ntishobora kwishyuza selile nkeya.Bitewe nimbaraga zidafite imbaraga zo kurwanya gusohora, uburinganire buringaniye ni buto (munsi ya 1A).

Ibyiza byo kuringaniza pasiporo ni igiciro gito kandi cyoroshye cyumuzunguruko;ibibi ni uko ishingiye ku bushobozi buke bwa batiri busigaye bwo kunganya, budashobora kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri zifite ubushobozi buke busigaye, kandi ko 100% yingufu zingana zingana nubusa.

(2) Impirimbanyi zifatika

Binyuze muri algorithms, imirongo myinshi ya bateri yimura ingufu za selile nini cyane mumashanyarazi ya selile ikoresheje ibikoresho bibika ingufu, ikarekura bateri yumuriro mwinshi kandi igakoresha ingufu zasohotse kugirango zishyure selile nkeya.Ingufu zihererekanwa ahanini aho gutatana.

Muri ubu buryo, mugihe cyo kwishyuza, bateri B, igera kuri voltage 100% mbere, isohoka kuri A na C, kandi bateri eshatu zishyizwe hamwe hamwe.Mugihe cyo gusohora, mugihe amafaranga asigaye ya bateri B ari make cyane, A na C "kwishyuza" B, kugirango selile B itagera kumurongo wa SOC kugirango ihagarike gusohora vuba.

Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ikorana buhanga

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Kuringaniza bifatika bisaba iboneza ryumuzunguruko hamwe nibikoresho bibika ingufu, biganisha ku bunini bunini no kongera ibiciro.Ibi bintu byombi hamwe byerekana ko kuringaniza ibikorwa bitoroshye kuzamurwa no gukoreshwa.

Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwo kuringaniza ibikorwa byo kwishyuza no gusohora byongera byimazeyo ubuzima bwa cycle ya bateri.Kuri selile zisaba kwishyuza no gusohora kugirango ugere kuburinganire, imirimo yinyongera irashobora gutuma barenga gusaza kwingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe, bikavamo icyuho kinini cyimikorere nizindi selile.

Abahanga bamwe bemeza ko imvugo zombi zavuzwe haruguru zigomba kuba zihwanye no kuringaniza ibintu hamwe no kudahuza ibice.Niba ikora cyangwa pasiporo igomba guterwa nibyabaye bikurura inzira iringaniye.Niba sisitemu igeze muri leta aho igomba kuba pasiporo, ni pasiporo.Niba yarashizweho nabantu, gushiraho gahunda yo kuringaniza mugihe bidakenewe kuringaniza byitwa equilibrium ikora.

Kurugero, iyo isohoka rirangiye, selile ntoya ya voltage igeze kumashanyarazi yaciwe, mugihe izindi selile ziracyafite ingufu.Muri iki gihe, kugira ngo hashobore gusohora amashanyarazi menshi ashoboka, sisitemu yohereza amashanyarazi y’ingufu nyinshi mu ngirabuzimafatizo nkeya, bigatuma inzira yo gusohora ikomeza kugeza amashanyarazi yose asohotse.Iyi ni inzira yo kunganya gusa.Niba sisitemu ihanura ko hazabaho ubusumbane nurangiza gusohora mugihe hasigaye 40% yingufu zisigaye, bizatangira inzira yo kunganya ibikorwa.

Kuringaniza bifatika bigabanijwe muburyo bukomatanyije kandi bwegerejwe abaturage.Uburyo bwo kuringaniza buringaniza bubona ingufu muri paki yose ya bateri, hanyuma igakoresha igikoresho cyo guhindura ingufu kugirango hongerwe ingufu muri bateri n'imbaraga nke.Kuringaniza kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage birimo guhuza ingufu hagati ya bateri zegeranye, zishobora kuba inductor cyangwa capacitor, bigatuma ingufu zitembera hagati ya bateri zegeranye.

Muri ubu buryo bwo kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho, hari abafata voltage ya selile nkibipimo byo kugenzura intego, kandi hari nabasaba gukoresha SOC nkibipimo byo kugenzura ibipimo.Gufata selile ya selile nkurugero.

Ubwa mbere, shiraho indangagaciro zingirakamaro zo gutangiza no kurangiza kuringaniza: kurugero, mugice cya bateri, mugihe itandukaniro riri hagati yumubyigano ukabije wa selile imwe hamwe nimpuzandengo ya voltage ya seti igera kuri 50mV, kuringaniza biratangizwa, kandi iyo igera kuri 5mV, kuringaniza birarangiye.

BMS ikusanya imbaraga za buri selire ukurikije uburyo bwagenwe bwo kugura, ikabara agaciro kagereranijwe, hanyuma ikabara itandukaniro riri hagati ya voltage yumudugudu nagaciro kagereranijwe;

Niba itandukaniro ntarengwa rigeze kuri 50mV, BMS ikeneye gutangira inzira yo kunganya;

Komeza intambwe ya 2 mugihe cyo kuringaniza kugeza itandukaniro indangagaciro zose ziri munsi ya 5mV, hanyuma urangize kuringaniza.

Twabibutsa ko BMS zose zidasaba iyi ntambwe, kandi ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gutandukana bitewe nuburyo buringaniye.

Kuringaniza tekinoroji nayo ifitanye isano n'ubwoko bwa bateri.Mubisanzwe bizera ko LFP ikwiranye nuburinganire bukora, mugihe bateri ya ternary ikwiranye nuburinganire bworoshye.

Icyiciro cyamarushanwa akomeye muri BMS gishyigikirwa ahanini nigiciro no kwizerwa.Kugeza ubu, igeragezwa ryikigereranyo cyo kuringaniza ibikorwa ntiriragerwaho.Urwego rwumutekano rukora ruteganijwe kwerekeza kuri ASIL-C na ASIL-D, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini.Kubwibyo, ibigo binini biriho ubu biritondera ubushakashatsi buringaniza.Inganda nini nini zirashaka guhagarika module iringaniza kandi ikaringaniza yose ikorerwa hanze, bisa no kubungabunga ibinyabiziga bya lisansi.Igihe cyose ikinyabiziga kigenda intera runaka, kizajya mububiko bwa 4S kuringaniza hanze.Ibi bizagabanya ibiciro byimodoka yose BMS kandi binagirira akamaro ububiko bwa 4S.Nibintu byunguka-inyungu kumashyaka yose.Kubwibyo, kugiti cyanjye, ndumva ko ibi bishobora guhinduka inzira!

3.3 Kurinda - gusuzuma amakosa no gutabaza

Igenzura rya BMS rihujwe nicyuma cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, kandi igabanijwemo urwego rutandukanye rwo kunanirwa (gutsindwa byoroheje, kunanirwa gukomeye, kunanirwa byica) ukurikije imikorere itandukanye ya bateri.Ingamba zitandukanye zo gufata ingamba zifatwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kunanirwa: kuburira, kugabanya ingufu cyangwa guhagarika amashanyarazi menshi.Kunanirwa birimo gushaka amakuru no kunanirwa gushyira mu gaciro, kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi (sensor na actuator), kunanirwa kw'itumanaho, no kunanirwa kwa batiri.

Urugero rusanzwe ni mugihe bateri ishyushye, BMS igena ko bateri ishyuha hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bwa bateri yakusanyirijwe, hanyuma ikagenzura uruziga rwa batiri kugirango ruhagarike, rukore uburinzi bukabije, kandi rwohereze integuza kuri sisitemu yubuyobozi nka EMS.

3.4 Itumanaho

Imikorere isanzwe ya BMS ntishobora gutandukana numurimo wogutumanaho.Yaba igenzura bateri mugihe cyo gucunga bateri, kohereza imiterere ya batiri kwisi, cyangwa kwakira amabwiriza yo kugenzura, birakenewe itumanaho rihamye.

Muri sisitemu ya batiri yingufu, impera imwe ya BMS ihujwe na bateri, naho iyindi ihujwe no kugenzura na sisitemu ya elegitoronike yikinyabiziga cyose.Ibidukikije muri rusange bikoresha protokole ya CAN, ariko hariho itandukaniro hagati yo gukoresha CAN y'imbere hagati yibice bigize paki ya batiri no gukoresha imodoka CAN hagati yububiko bwa batiri nikinyabiziga cyose.

Ibinyuranye, kubika ingufu BMS n'itumanaho ryimbere bikoresha cyane cyane protokole ya CAN, ariko itumanaho ryayo ryo hanze (hanze cyane cyane ryerekeza kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zohereza amashanyarazi PCS) akenshi ikoresha imiterere ya protocole ya enterineti TCP / IP protocole na protocole ya modbus.

4) Kubika ingufu BMS

Ingufu zibika ingufu BMS mubusanzwe yavuye muri bateri yingufu BMS, kuburyo ibishushanyo byinshi n'amagambo bifite inkomoko yamateka

Kurugero, bateri yamashanyarazi muri rusange igabanijwemo BMU (Monitor Monitor Unit) na BCU (Igenzura rya Batiri), hamwe nabambere bakusanya amakuru hanyuma bakayigenzura.

Kuberako selile ya bateri ari inzira yamashanyarazi, selile nyinshi zitanga bateri.Bitewe nibiranga buri selire ya batiri, nubwo uburyo bwo gukora bwaba bumeze gute, hazabaho amakosa no kudahuza muri buri selire ya batiri mugihe kandi bitewe nibidukikije.Kubwibyo rero, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ni ugusuzuma uko bateri ihagaze hifashishijwe ibipimo bike, bikaba bimeze nkumuganga gakondo wubuvuzi bwabashinwa wasuzumye umurwayi yitegereza ibimenyetso aho kuba imiti yuburengerazuba busaba isesengura ryumubiri n’imiti.Isesengura ryumubiri nubumara ryumubiri wumuntu bisa nibiranga amashanyarazi ya batiri, bishobora gupimwa nibikoresho binini byo kugerageza.Ariko, biragoye kuri sisitemu yashyizwemo gusuzuma ibipimo bimwe na bimwe bya electrochemie.Kubwibyo, BMS ni nkumuganga ushaje wubuvuzi.

4.1 Ubwubatsi butatu bwububiko bwingufu BMS

Bitewe numubare munini wa selile ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, murwego rwo kuzigama ibiciro, BMS isanzwe ishyirwa mubikorwa, hamwe na bibiri cyangwa bitatu.Kugeza ubu, inzira nyamukuru ni ibice bitatu: kugenzura / kugenzura / kugenzura imbata.

4.2 Ibisobanuro birambuye byububiko bwingufu BMS

5) Ibihe byubu hamwe nigihe kizaza

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwabakora ibicuruzwa BMS:

Icyiciro cya mbere nu mukoresha wa nyuma ufite imbaraga ziganje muri bateri yingufu BMS - inganda zimodoka.Mubyukuri, imbaraga za BMS zikomeye zo gukora mumahanga nizindi nganda zimodoka, nka Moteri rusange, Tesla, nibindi murugo, hariho BYD, Huating Power, nibindi.

Icyiciro cya kabiri ni inganda za batiri, zirimo abakora selile n’abakora ibicuruzwa, nka Samsung, Ningde Times, Xinwangda, Batay Desay, Topband Co., Ltd., Beijing Purrad, nibindi.;

Ubwoko bwa gatatu bwabakora BMS ni abafite uburambe bwimyaka myinshi mubuhanga bwa elegitoroniki y’amashanyarazi, kandi bafite amakipe ya R&D afite kaminuza cyangwa imishinga ijyanye nayo, nka Eternal Electronics, Hangzhou Gaote Electronics, Xie Neng Technology, na Kegong Electronics.

Bitandukanye na BMS ya bateri yamashanyarazi, yiganjemo cyane cyane abakora ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi, birasa nkaho abakoresha amaherezo ya bateri zibika ingufu badakeneye cyangwa ibikorwa byihariye byo kugira uruhare mubushakashatsi niterambere no gukora BMS.Ntabwo bishoboka kandi ko bazakoresha amafaranga ningufu nyinshi mugutezimbere sisitemu nini yo gucunga bateri.Kubwibyo, birashobora gufatwa ko bateri yo kubika ingufu inganda za BMS zidafite umukinnyi wingenzi ufite ibyiza byuzuye, hasigara umwanya munini witerambere no gutekereza kubakora bateri n'abacuruzi bibanda kububiko bwa BMS.Niba isoko ryo kubika ingufu ryashyizweho, rizaha abakora bateri nabakora umwuga wa BMS babigize umwuga ibyumba byinshi byiterambere kandi birwanya guhangana.

Kugeza ubu, usanga hari abakora umwuga wa BMS babigize umwuga bibanze ku iterambere ry’ububiko bw’ingufu BMS, bitewe ahanini n’uko isoko ryo kubika ingufu rikiri mu ntangiriro kandi haracyari ugushidikanya ku iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’ububiko bw’ingufu ku isoko.Kubwibyo, abayikora benshi ntabwo batezimbere BMS ijyanye no kubika ingufu.Mubikorwa byubucuruzi nyabyo, hari nababikora bagura bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi BMS kugirango ikoreshwe nka BMS kuri bateri zibika ingufu.Byizerwa ko mugihe kizaza, abakora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi babigize umwuga BMS nabo bashobora kuba igice cyingenzi mubatanga BMS bikoreshwa mumishinga minini yo kubika ingufu.

Kuri iki cyiciro, harabura amahame amwe kuri BMS itangwa nabatanga sisitemu zitandukanye zo kubika ingufu.Ababikora batandukanye bafite ibishushanyo nibisobanuro bitandukanye kuri BMS, kandi bitewe na bateri zitandukanye zirahuza, algorithm ya SOX, tekinoroji yo kuringaniza, hamwe nibitumanaho amakuru yoherejwe byashyizweho nabyo birashobora gutandukana.Mubikorwa bifatika bya BMS, itandukaniro nkiryo rizongera ibiciro byo gusaba kandi bibangamire iterambere ryinganda.Kubwibyo, kugena no guhindura moderi ya BMS nabyo bizaba icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere mugihe kizaza.