1) Chii chinonzi BMS?
Zita rakazara reBMS ndereBattery Management System.Icho chishandiso chinotarisisa mamiriro emabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba.Inonyanya kushandiswa kune hungwaru manejimendi uye kugadzirisa ega ega bhatiri maseru, kudzivirira kuwandisa uye kudhiza mabhatiri, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri, uye kuongorora mamiriro ebhatiri.Kazhinji, BMS inomiririrwa sebhodhi redunhu kana bhokisi rehardware.
Iyo BMS ndeimwe yepakati subsystems yebhatiri simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu, ine basa rekutarisa mamiriro ekushanda kwebhatiri rega rega mubhatiri simba rekuchengetedza yuniti uye kuona kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakavimbika kwesimba rekuchengetedza simba.Iyo BMS inogona kutarisa uye kuunganidza mamiriro eiyo simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri munguva chaiyo (kusanganisira asi isina kuganhurirwa kune imwechete sero voltage, bhatiri pole tembiricha, bhatiri loop ikozvino, bhatiri pack terminal voltage, bhatiri system insulation kuramba, nezvimwewo), uye ita ongororo inodiwa uye kuverenga pane yakakodzera mamiriro paramita kuti uwane mamwe masisitimu evaluation paramita.Iyo inogona zvakare kuwana inobudirira kutonga kweiyo simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri pachayo zvinoenderana neyakajeka yekudzivirira nzira dzekudzivirira kuti ive yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika mashandiro eiyo bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza simba unit.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo BMS inogona kudyidzana nemimwe michina yekunze (PCS, EMS, fire protection system, etc.) kuburikidza neyayo yekutaurirana interface uye analog/digital input interface kuti iite yekubatanidza kutonga kweakasiyana-siyana musimba rose rekuchengetedza simba. chiteshi, kuve nechokwadi chakachengeteka, chakavimbika, uye chinoshanda grid-yakabatana kushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi.
2) Architecture
Kubva pamaonero eiyo topology architecture, BMS yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: yepakati uye yakagovaniswa zvinoenderana neyakasiyana purojekiti zvinodiwa.
Centralized BMS
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, yepakati BMS inoshandisa imwechete BMS Hardware kuunganidza ese maseru, ayo anokodzera mamiriro ane mashoma maseru.
Centralized BMS ine zvakanakira mutengo wakaderera, compact chimiro, uye yakakwirira kuvimbika, uye inowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ane hushoma huwandu, yakaderera yakazara kudzvanywa, uye diki bhatiri system vhoriyamu, senge maturusi emagetsi, marobhoti (kubata marobhoti, anobatsira marobhoti), IOT smart dzimba (marobhoti anotsvaira, emagetsi vacuum cleaners), emagetsi forklift, mota dzemagetsi dzinomhanya-mhanya (mabhasikoro emagetsi, midhudhudhu yemagetsi, mota dzemagetsi dzinoona nzvimbo, mota dzemagetsi dzinotenderera, ngoro dzegorofu dzemagetsi, nezvimwewo), uye dzakareruka dzakasanganiswa mota.
Iyo yepakati BMS hardware inogona kukamurwa kuita yakakwirira-voltage uye yakaderera-voltage nzvimbo.Iyo yakakwira-voltage nzvimbo ine basa rekuunganidza single cell voltage, system yakazara voltage, uye yekutarisa insulation kuramba.Iyo yakaderera-voltage nzvimbo inosanganisira magetsi ekupa maseketi, CPU maseketi, CAN kutaurirana maseketi, control circuits, zvichingodaro.
Sezvo simba rebhatiri system yemotokari dzevatakuri ichiramba ichikura kusvika pakukwira, yakakwira yakazara kudzvanywa, uye vhoriyamu yakakura, yakagoverwa BMS zvivakwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa muplug-in hybrid uye yakachena mota dzemagetsi modhi.
Yakagoverwa BMS
Parizvino, kune akasiyana mazwi ekugoverwa kweBMS muindasitiri, uye makambani akasiyana ane mazita akasiyana.Iyo simba bhatiri BMS kazhinji ine tenzi-muranda maviri-tier architecture:
Iyo simba rekuchengetedza BMS inowanzova matatu-tier architecture nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwebhatiri pack, ine master control layer pamusoro pevaranda uye main control layer.
Kungofanana nemabhatiri anoumba mabhatiri masumbu, ayo anozoita mastacks, matatu-tier BMS inoteedzerawo iwoyo mutemo wekumusoro:
Kubva pakutonga: bhatiri manejimendi unit (BMU), iyo inounganidza ruzivo kubva kune yega mabhatiri.
Tarisa voltage uye tembiricha yebhatiri cell
Kuenzana kwebhatiri mupasuru
Information upload
thermal management
Aramu isina kujairika
Master control: Battery cluster management unit: BCU (bhatiri cluster unit, inozivikanwawo seyakakwira voltage manejimendi unit HVU, BCMU, nezvimwewo), ine basa rekuunganidza ruzivo rweBMU uye kuunganidza ruzivo rwebhatiri.
Battery cluster current acquisition, total voltage acquisition, leakage yekuona
Kudzivirirwa kwemagetsi kana mamiriro ebhatiri asina kunaka
Pasi pe manejimendi eBMS, chiyero chesimba uye SOC calibration inogona kupedzwa zvakasiyana sehwaro hwekuchaja uye kuburitsa manejimendi.
Iyo bhatiri array manejimendi unit (BAU) ine basa repakati manejimendi emabhatiri mune yese simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri stack.Iyo inobatanidza kune akasiyana mabhatiri cluster manejimendi mayuniti uye anochinjana ruzivo nemamwe maturusi kuti ape mhinduro pamamiriro ekushanda ebhatiri array.
Kuchaja uye kuburitsa manejimendi ebhatiri array
BMS system yekuzviongorora uye yekutadza kuongororwa alarm
Battery pack fault diagnosis alarm
Kudzivirirwa kwekuchengetedza kune akasiyana abnormalities uye kukanganisa mubhatiri array
Taurirana nemimwe michina yakaita sePCS neEMS
Kuchengetedza data, kutumira uye kugadzirisa
Battery management layer: basa rekuunganidza ruzivo rwakasiyana (voltage, tembiricha) yemabhatiri ega, kuverenga uye kuongorora SOC uye SOH yemabhatiri, kuwana inoshanda yakaenzana yemabhatiri ega, uye kurodha ruzivo rusina kujairika rwemabhatiri ega ega bhatiri pack unit layer BCMU.Kuburikidza neCAN yekunze kutaurirana, yakabatana kuburikidza ne daisy cheni.
Battery management layer: inotarisira kuunganidza ruzivo rwakasiyana kubva kumabhatiri ega akaiswa neBMU, kuunganidza ruzivo rwakasiyana nezve bhatiri pack (pack voltage, tembiricha yepakiti), bhatiri pack yekuchaja uye kubuda mafungu, kuverenga uye kuongorora iyo SOC uye SOH yebhatiri pack. , uye kurodha ruzivo rwese kune bhatiri cluster unit layer BAMS.Kuburikidza neCAN yekunze kutaurirana, yakabatana kuburikidza ne daisy cheni.
Battery cluster management layer: inotarisirwa kuunganidza ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwebheteri rwakaiswa neBCMU uye kuisa ruzivo rwese kune simba rekuchengetedza simba rekucherechedza EMS system kuburikidza neRJ45 interface;kutaurirana nePCS kutumira ruzivo rusina kujairika rwebhatiri kuPCS (CAN kana RS485 interface), uye yakashongedzerwa nehardware dry node kuti utaure nePCS.Uye zvakare, inoita bhatiri system BSE (Battery State Estimate) kuongororwa, yemagetsi system system yekuona, contactor management, thermal manejimendi, manejimendi manejimendi, yekuchaja manejimendi, diagnostic manejimendi, uye inoita mukati nekunze kutaurirana network manejimendi.Inotaurirana nevari pasi kuburikidza neCAN.
3) BMS inoita sei?
Mabasa eBMS akawanda, asi musimboti uye zvatiri kunyanya kunetseka nazvo zvinhu zvitatu:
Imwe inzwa (state management), rinova iro basa rekutanga reBMS.Inoyera voltage, kuramba, tembiricha, uye pakupedzisira inonzwa mamiriro ebhatiri.Tinoda kuziva kuti bhatiri rakamira sei, kuti rine simba rakawanda sei uye kugona kwaro, rine utano hwakadii, kuti rinobudisa simba rakawanda sei, uye kuti rakachengeteka zvakadii.Uku kunzwa.
Yechipiri ndeye manejimendi (balance management).Vamwe vanhu vanoti BMS ndiyo nanny yebhatiri.Ipapo nanny uyu anofanira kuzvitarisira.Chii chekuita?Iko kuita kuti bhatiri rive rakanaka sezvinobvira.Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekugadzirisa kuenzanisa uye kutonga kwekushisa.
Chechitatu kuchengetedza (safety management).Nanny anewo basa rekuita.Kana bhatiri iine chimiro, inoda kuchengetedzwa uye alarm inoda kusimudzwa.
Ehezve, kune zvakare yekutaurirana manejimendi chikamu chinoendesa data mukati kana kunze kwehurongwa kuburikidza nemamwe maprotocol.
BMS ine mamwe mabasa mazhinji, akadai sekutonga kwekushanda, kutarisisa kwekudzivirira, kutonga kwemafuta, nezvimwe, izvo zvisina kukurukurwa pano.
3.1 Maonero - Kuyera uye Kufungidzira
Basa rekutanga reBMS kuyera uye kufungidzira bhatiri paramita, kusanganisira yakakosha paramita senge voltage, yazvino, tembiricha, uye nyika, pamwe nekuverengera kwebhatiri data data seSOC neSOH.Munda wemabhatiri emagetsi unosanganisirawo kuverenga kweSOP (nyika yesimba) uye SOE (nyika yesimba), iyo isina kukurukurwa pano.Tichatarisa kune maviri ekutanga anonyanya kushandiswa data.
Kuyera kwesero
1) Chiyero cheruzivo rwekutanga: Iyo inonyanya kukosha basa rebhatiri manejimendi system kuyera voltage, ikozvino, uye tembiricha yemasero ebhatiri ega, inova hwaro hwese epamusoro-chikamu kuverenga uye kutonga mantiki mubhatiri manejimendi system.
2) Insulation kuramba kuyedza: Insulation bvunzo inodiwa kune yese bhatiri system uye yakakwira-voltage system mukati mebhatiri manejimendi system.
3) High-voltage interlock monitor (HVIL): inoshandiswa kusimbisa kuvimbika kwese-high-voltage system uye kutanga matanho ekuchengetedza apo kutendeseka kwe-high-voltage system loop kunokanganiswa.
SOC kuverenga
SOC inoreva iyo State of Charge, inova ndiyo yasara huwandu hwebhatiri.Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, isimba rakadii rasara mubhatiri.
SOC ndiyo inonyanya kukosha parameter muBMS, sezvo zvimwe zvese zvakavakirwa pazviri.Naizvozvo, huchokwadi uye kusimba kwayo (inozivikanwawo sekugona kugadzirisa kukanganisa) kwakakosha zvakanyanya.Pasina iyo SOC chaiyo, hapana huwandu hwekuchengetedza basa hunogona kuita kuti BMS ishande nemazvo, sezvo bhatiri rinowanzova munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa, zvichiita kuti zvisakwanise kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri.
Parizvino, nzira dzekufungidzira dzeSOC dzinosanganisira yakavhurika-inotenderera voltage nzira, yazvino nzira yekubatanidza, Kalman sefa nzira, uye neural network nzira.Nzira mbiri dzokutanga dzinowanzoshandiswa.Nzira mbiri dzekupedzisira dzinosanganisira ruzivo rwepamusoro senge modhi yekubatanidza uye hungwaru hwekugadzira, izvo zvisina kutsanangurwa pano.
Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, akawanda algorithms anowanzo shandiswa musanganiswa, aine akasiyana algorithms ari kutorwa zvichienderana nekuchaja kwebhatiri uye kuburitsa mamiriro.
nzira yakazaruka yemagetsi
Nheyo yeyakavhurika-circuit voltage nzira ndeye kushandisa hukama hwakasimba hwekushanda pakati peyakavhurika-circuit voltage neSOC pasi pemamiriro ekugara kwenguva refu static kuiswa kwebhatiri, uye nekudaro fungidzira SOC zvichibva pane yakavhurika-circuit voltage.Iyo yaimbowanzo shandiswa lead-asidhi bhatiri remagetsi bhasikoro rinoshandisa nzira iyi kufungidzira SOC.Open-circuit voltage nzira iri nyore uye iri nyore, asi kune zvakare akawanda akashata:
1. Bhatiri inofanira kusiiwa yakamira kwenguva yakareba, kana zvisina kudaro iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage ichave yakaoma kudzikamisa munguva pfupi;
2. Pane voltage plateau mumabhatiri, kunyanya lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, apo iyo terminal voltage uye SOC curve inenge yakaenzana panguva yeSOC30% -80% yakasiyana;
3. Bhatiri iri pamatembiricha akasiyana kana matanho ehupenyu akasiyana, uye kunyangwe iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yakafanana, iyo chaiyo SOC musiyano inogona kunge yakakura;
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, patinoshandisa iyi bhasikoro remagetsi, kana ikozvino SOC inoratidzwa se 100%, iyo inodonha inodonha kana ichikurumidza, uye simba rinogona kuratidzwa se80%.Patinomira kukurumidza, magetsi anokwira, uye simba rinosvetuka kudzokera ku100%.Saka electric scooter's power display yedu haina chokwadi.Patinomira, rine simba, asi patinotanga, rinopera simba.Iri rinogona kunge risiri dambudziko nebhatiri, asi rinogona kunge riri nekuda kweiyo SoC algorithm yeBMS iri nyore.
An-Shi yakakosha nzira
Iyo Anshicontinuous yekubatanidza nzira inoverenga zvakananga kukosha kweSOC munguva chaiyo kuburikidza netsanangudzo yeSOC.
Zvichipa kukosha kwekutanga kweSOC, chero bedzi bhatiri iripo inogona kuyerwa (apo kubuda ikozvino kwakanaka), kuchinja kwehuwandu hwebheteri kunogona kuverengwa nenzira yakarurama kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti SOC yasara.
Iyi nzira ine mhedzisiro yekufungidzira inovimbika munguva pfupi, asi nekuda kwekuyerwa kwekukanganisa kweyezvino sensor uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedzwa kweiyo bhatiri kugona, kwenguva yakareba ikozvino kubatanidzwa kuchaunza kumwe kutsauka.Naizvozvo, inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete neyakavhurika-circuit voltage nzira yekufungidzira kukosha kwekutanga kweSOC fungidziro ine yakaderera kunyatsoita zvinodiwa, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa pamwe chete neKalman kusefa nzira yekufembera kwenguva pfupi yeSOC.
SOC (State Of Charge) ndeyeiyo core control algorithm yeBMS, inomiririra yazvino yasara chinzvimbo.Inonyanya kuwanikwa kuburikidza neampere-awa yekubatanidza nzira uye EKF (Yakawedzerwa Kalman Filter) algorithm, yakasanganiswa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa (akadai seyakavhurika-circuit voltage kururamisa, yakazara-charge kururamisa, kuchaja kupera kwekugadzirisa, kugadzirisa kwesimba pasi petembiricha dzakasiyana uye SOH, etc.).Iyo ampere-awa yekubatanidza nzira inovimbika pasi pemamiriro ekuona ikozvino kuwanikwa kwechokwadi, asi haina kusimba.Nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwekukanganisa, inofanirwa kusanganiswa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa.Iyo EKF nzira yakasimba asi iyo algorithm yakaoma uye yakaoma kuita.Vagadziri vepamba vepamba vanogona kuwana huchokwadi hweisingasviki 6% patembiricha yekamuri, asi kufungidzira patembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera uye kudzikamisa bhatiri kwakaoma.
SOC kururamisa
Nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja kwazvino, iyo inofungidzirwa SOC inogona kunge isiri iyo, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa dzinoda kuiswa muhurongwa hwekufungidzira.
SOH kuverenga
SOH inoreva State of Health, iyo inoratidza hutano huripo huripo hwebhatiri (kana dhigirii rekuparara kwebhatiri).Inowanzo kumiririrwa semutengo uri pakati pe0 ne100%, ine hutsika huri pasi pe80% inowanzoonekwa kuratidza kuti bhatiri harisi kushandiswa.Inogona kumiririrwa nekuchinja kwebhatiri simba kana kupikisa mukati.Paunenge uchishandisa huwandu, huwandu chaihwo hwebhatiri ikozvino hunofungidzirwa zvichibva pane data kubva kubhatiri mashandiro ekushanda, uye chiyero cheichi kune yakayerwa huwandu ndiyo SOH.Iyo chaiyo SOH ichavandudza fungidziro yechokwadi yemamwe ma module kana bhatiri riri kuderera.
Kune mbiri dzakasiyana tsananguro dzeSOH muindasitiri iyi:
SOH tsananguro yakavakirwa pane kugona kupera
Munguva yekushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, zvinhu zvinoshanda mukati mebheteri zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoderera, kupikisa kwemukati kunowedzera, uye simba rinopera.Naizvozvo, SOH inogona kufungidzirwa nehukuru hwebhatiri.Mamiriro ehutano ebhatiri anotaridzwa seyero yehuwandu hwazvino kune yekutanga kugona, uye SOH yayo inotsanangurwa se:
SOH=(C_standard-C_fade)/C_standard ×100%
Kupi: C_fade ndiko kurasika kwebhatiri;C_standard isimba rezita.
IEEE chiyero 1188-1996 inotaura kuti kana huwandu hwebhatiri remagetsi hwadonha kusvika pa80%, bhatiri rinofanira kutsiviwa.Saka, isu tinowanzo funga kuti bhatiri SOH haisipo kana iri pasi pe80%.
Tsanangudzo yeSOH yakavakirwa pakudzikisira simba (Simba Fade)
Kuchembera kweanenge marudzi ese emabhatiri kuchaita kuti kuwedzerwa kwebhatiri mukati mekudzivirira.Iyo yakakwirira kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri, kuderera kwesimba rinowanikwa.Naizvozvo, iyo SOH inogona kufungidzirwa uchishandisa simba attenuation.
3.2 Kutungamirira – Balanced Technology
Bhatiri rega rega rine "hunhu" hwayo
Kuti titaure pamusoro pekuenzanisa, tinofanira kutanga nemabhatiri.Kunyange mabhatiri anogadzirwa muboka rimwechete nemugadziri mumwe chete ane mararamiro avo ehupenyu uye "unhu" - simba rebheti rimwe nerimwe harigoni kunyatsofanana.Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvekusaenderana uku:
Imwe ndeye kusaenderana kwekugadzirwa kwesero
Imwe ndeye kusaenderana kwe electrochemical reactions.
kugadzirwa kusaenderana
Kusawirirana kwekugadzirwa kuri nyore kunzwisisa.Semuenzaniso, panguva yekugadzira, diaphragm kusawirirana uye cathode uye anode zvinhu kusawirirana kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kwehuwandu hwebhatiri.Bhatiri re50AH rinogona kuita 49AH kana 51AH.
electrochemical inconsistency
Kusawirirana kweelectrochemistry ndeyekuti mukuita kwekuchaja nekuburitsa bhatiri, kunyangwe kugadzirwa nekugadziriswa kwemaseru maviri kwakafanana, nharaunda yekupisa haigone kuenderana mukuita kwe electrochemical reaction.Semuenzaniso, pakuita mabhatiri modules, tembiricha yemhete yakatenderedza inofanira kunge yakaderera pane yepakati.Izvi zvinoguma nekusawirirana kwenguva refu pakati pekutengesa uye kuburitsa mari, izvo zvinozoita kuti zvisakanganise bhatiri sero simba;Kana iyo yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa mafungu eSEI firimu pabhatiri sero isingaenderane kwenguva yakareba, kuchembera kweSEI firimu kuchavewo kusingawirirani.
* SEI firimu: "yakasimba electrolyte interface" (yakasimba electrolyte interface).Munguva yekutanga yekuchaja yekuchaja yelithium ion bhatiri, iyo electrode zvinhu zvinosangana neelectrolyte pane solid-liquid phase interface kugadzira passivation layer inovhara pamusoro peiyo electrode zvinhu.SEI firimu ndeyemagetsi insulator asi yakanakisa conductor ye lithium ions, iyo isingango chengetedza electrode asiwo haikanganisi bhatiri basa.Kuchembera kweSEI firimu kune zvakakosha pahutano hwebhatiri.
Naizvozvo, kusafanana (kana discreteness) yebhatiri mapaketi chiratidzo chisingadzivisiki chekushanda kwebhatiri.
Nei kuenzanisa kuchidiwa
Mabhatiri acho akasiyana, saka wadii kuedza kugadzira iwo akafanana?Nekuti kusawirirana kuchakanganisa kushanda kwebhatiri pack.
Iyo bhatiri paki munhevedzano inotevera pfupi-barrel mhedzisiro: mubhatiri pack system munhevedzano, kugona kweiyo yese bhatiri pack system inotemwa nediki diki unit.
Ngatitii tine bhatiri pack rine mabhatiri matatu:
Ndinoziva kuti kuwandisa uye kuwandisa kunogona kukanganisa mabhatiri zvakanyanya.Nokudaro, kana bhatiri B rakazara zvakakwana panguva yekuchaja kana apo SoC yebheteri B yakaderera zvikuru panguva yekubudiswa, zvakakosha kumira kutengesa uye kubvisa kuchengetedza bhatiri B. Somugumisiro, simba rebhatiri A uye C harigoni kukwana zvakakwana. kushandiswa.Izvi zvinotungamirira ku:
Iko chaiyo inoshandiswa simba rebheteri pack yakaderera: Bhatiri A uye C, iyo ingadai yakashandisa simba rinowanikwa, ikozvino haigoni kuita izvi kuitira kuti igare Battery B. Inofanana nevanhu vaviri pamakumbo matatu akasungwa pamwe chete, ne munhu murefu asingakwanisi kutora matanho makuru.
Hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakaderedzwa: Hurefu hwematanho hudiki hunoda mamwe matanho uye hunoita kuti makumbo awedzere kuneta.Nesimba rakadzikiswa, huwandu hwekuchaja uye kuburitsa kutenderera kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kuderera kukuru kwebhatiri.Semuenzaniso, sero rimwe chete rinogona kuwana 4000 cycles pa 100% DoD, asi mukushandiswa kwechokwadi haigoni kusvika 100% uye nhamba yezvikamu haizosviki 4000.
*DoD, Hudzamu hwekubuda, inomiririra chikamu chekubuda kwebhatiri kune yakayerwa huwandu hwebhatiri.
Kusawirirana kwemabhatiri kunotungamirira kuderera kwekushanda kwebheteri pack.Kana saizi yemodhi yebhatiri yakakura, tambo dzakawanda dzebhatiri dzakabatanidzwa munhevedzano, uye yakakura imwechete voltage musiyano ichaita kuti kugona kwebhokisi rese kuderera.Iyo yakawanda mabhatiri akabatanidzwa munhevedzano, iyo yakawanda simba inorasikirwa.Nekudaro, mumashandisirwo edu, kunyanya mumashandisirwo emagetsi ekuchengetedza, pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinodiwa:
Yokutanga ibheteri yehupenyu hurefu, iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushanda uye kugadzirisa mari.Iyo simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu ine zvakakwirira zvinodiwa zvehupenyu hwebhatiri pack.Zvizhinji zvemumba zvakagadzirirwa makore gumi nemashanu.Kana tikafungidzira 300 cycles pagore, 15 makore ari 4500 cycles, iyo ichiri yakakwirira kwazvo.Tinofanira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri rega rega kuitira kuti hupenyu hwese hwebhatiri pack husvike kuhupenyu hwekugadzira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwebhatiri kupararira kwehupenyu hwebhatiri pack.
Yechipiri yakadzika kutenderera, kunyanya mumamiriro ekushandiswa kwepeak shaving, kusunungura imwe kWh yemagetsi kuchaunza imwe imwe pfungwa yemari.Kureva kuti, tichaita 80% DoD kana 90% DoD.Kana kutenderera kwakadzika kuchishandiswa musimba rekuchengetedza simba, kupararira kwebheteri panguva yekubuda kwemuswe kucharatidzwa.Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekusunungurwa kwakazara kwesimba resero rimwe nerimwe pasi pemamiriro ekuchaja kwakadzika uye kuburitsa kwakadzika, zvinodikanwa kuti iyo BMS yekuchengetedza simba ive yakasimba yekuenzanisa manejimendi masimba uye kudzvinyirira kuitika kwekuenderana pakati pemaseru ebhatiri. .
Izvi zviviri zvinodiwa zvinonyatsopesana nekusaenderana kwebhatiri.Kuti tiwane maapplications ebhatiri epack ekushanda, isu tinofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi hwekuyeresa tekinoroji kudzikisa kukanganisa kwebhatiri kusaenderana.
equilibrium tekinoroji
Battery equalization tekinoroji inzira yekugadzira mabhatiri ane akasiyana siyana zvakafanana.Pane nzira mbiri dzakajairika dzekuenzana: simba dissipation unidirectional equalization (passive kuenzana) uye simba rekufambisa bidirectional kuenzana (active kuenzana).
(1) Kusagadzikana
Iyo passive equalization musimboti ndeyekufananidza switchable discharge resistor pane yega tambo yemabhatiri.Iyo BMS inodzora discharge resistor kuburitsa iyo yakakwira voltage maseru, ichibvisa simba remagetsi sekupisa.Semuyenzaniso, kana bhatiri B rave kuda kuzara, switch inovhurwa kubvumira chinopikisa pabhatiri B kuti chiparadze simba remagetsi rakawandisa sekupisa.Ipapo kuchaja kunoenderera kusvika mabhatiri A neC azarawo.
Iyi nzira inokwanisa chete kuburitsa maseru e-high-voltage, uye haikwanise kudzoreredza maseru ane mashoma.Nekuda kwekudzikamiswa kwesimba kwekuramba kubuda, iyo yakaenzana yazvino inowanzo idiki (isingasviki 1A).
Zvakanakira passive kuenzana mutengo yakaderera uye nyore redunhu dhizaini;zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti inobva pane yakaderera yakasara yebhatiri kukwanisa kuenzana, iyo isingagoni kuwedzera simba remabhatiri ane yakaderera yakasara, uye kuti 100% yesimba rakaenzana rinoparara nenzira yekupisa.
(2) Kushanda pakati nepakati
Kuburikidza nemaalgorithms, tambo dzakawanda dzemabhatiri dzinoendesa simba remaseru e-high-voltage kumasero akadzika-voltage anoshandisa zvikamu zvekuchengetedza simba, achiburitsa mabhatiri epamusoro-voltage uye kushandisa simba rinoburitswa kubhadharisa maseru epasi-voltage.Simba rinonyanya kuendeswa pane kuparara.
Nenzira iyi, panguva yekuchaja, bhatiri B, iyo inosvika 100% voltage kutanga, inobuda kuA uye C, uye mabhatiri matatu akazara pamwe chete.Panguva yekubuda, kana iyo yakasara charge yebhatiri B yakadzikira, A uye C "charge" B, kuitira kuti sero B isasvike pachikumbaridzo cheSOC yekumisa kubuda nekukurumidza.
Mamiriro makuru eiyo inoshanda kuenzanisa tekinoroji
(1) Kuenzanisa iyo yakakwirira uye yakaderera voltage kuti uvandudze kushanda kwebhatiri pack: Panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa uye pakuzorora, mabhatiri e-high-voltage anogona kuburitswa uye mabhatiri e-low-voltage anogona kuchajwa;
(2) Kuderedza-kurasikirwa kwesimba rekufambisa: simba rinonyanya kuendeswa pane kungorasika, kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba rekushandisa;
(3) Huru yekuenzanisa ikozvino: Kazhinji, kuenzana ikozvino pakati pe1 ne10A, uye kuenzana kunokurumidza;
Active kuenzana kunoda kumisikidzwa kweanoenderana maseketi uye simba rekuchengetedza zvishandiso, izvo zvinotungamira kune yakakura vhoriyamu uye yakawedzera mutengo.Aya mamiriro maviri pamwe chete anoona kuti kushingaira kuenzana hakusi nyore kusimudzirwa uye kushandiswa.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo inoshanda yakaenzana yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa maitiro anowedzera kutenderera hupenyu hwebhatiri.Kune maseru anoda kuchaja uye kuburitswa kuti awane mwero, iyo yekuwedzera basa inogona kuita kuti ipfuure kuchembera kwemaseru akajairwa, zvichikonzera gaka rakakura rekuita nemamwe maseru.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti mazwi maviri ari pamusoro anofanirwa kuenderana neanoparadzana equilibrium uye non-dissipative equilibrium.Ingave ichishanda kana kungoita chete inofanirwa kuenderana nechiitiko chinokonzeresa maitiro ekuenzanisa.Kana iyo sisitimu yasvika padanho painofanirwa kunge ichiita, inongoita.Kana iyo yakagadzirirwa nevanhu, kuisa purogiramu yekuenzanisa pazvinenge zvisingakoshi kuenzaniswa kunonzi active equilibrium.
Semuenzaniso, kana kubuda kuri kumagumo, iyo yakaderera voltage sero yasvika pakubuda-kubvisa voltage, nepo mamwe maseru achine simba.Panguva ino, kuitira kuti ibudise magetsi akawanda sezvinobvira, hurongwa hunoendesa magetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kumasero asina simba, achibvumira nzira yekubuda kuenderera mberi kusvikira simba rose rapera.Iyi inzira yekuenzanisa.Kana iyo system inofanotaura kuti pachave nekusaenzana pakupera kwekubuda kana kuchine makumi mana muzana emagetsi asara, inotanga iyo inoshanda yekuenzanisa maitiro.
Active equalization yakakamurwa kuva pakati uye decentralized nzira.Iyo yepakati yakaenzana nzira inowana simba kubva kune yese bhatiri pack, uyezve inoshandisa simba rekushandura mudziyo kuwedzera simba kumabhatiri ane simba shoma.Decentralized equalization inosanganisira simba rekuchengetedza simba pakati pemabhatiri ari padyo, anogona kunge ari inductor kana capacitor, achibvumira simba kuyerera pakati pemabhatiri ari padyo.
Mune yazvino chiyero chekudzora dhizaini, kune avo vanotora sero vhezheni seyekudzora chinangwa paramende, uye kune zvakare avo vanofunga kushandisa SOC seyekudzoresa yekudzora chinangwa paramende.Kutora sero voltage semuenzaniso.
Kutanga, isa peya yezvikumbaridzo zvekutanga uye kugumisa kuenzana: semuenzaniso, mune seti yemabhatiri, kana musiyano uripo pakati peyakanyanya voltage yesero rimwe chete uye avhareji voltage yeseti inosvika 50mV, kuenzana kunotanga, uye kana inosvika 5mV, kuenzana kunopera.
Iyo BMS inounganidza vhoriyamu yesero rega rega zvinoenderana neyakagadziriswa yekutora kutenderera, inoverengera kukosha kweavhareji, uyezve inoverengera mutsauko pakati pesero voltage yega uye avhareji kukosha;
Kana musiyano mukuru ukasvika pa50mV, BMS inoda kutanga maitiro ekuenzanisa;
Enderera nhanho 2 panguva yekuenzanisa maitiro kusvika misiyano yemhando yese isingasviki 5mV, wobva wapedza kuenzana.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti haasi ese maBMS anoda danho iri, uye nzira dzinotevera dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzira yekuenzanisa.
Iyo chiyero tekinoroji inoenderanawo nerudzi rwebhatiri.Zvinowanzo davirwa kuti LFP inonyanya kukodzera chiyero chinoshanda, nepo mabhatiri eternary akakodzera kungoita chiyero.
Nhanho yekukwikwidza kwakanyanya muBMS inonyanya kutsigirwa nemutengo uye kuvimbika.Parizvino, kuedzwa kwekuongorora kwekuita kuenzanisa hakusati kwaitwa.Iyo nhanho yekuchengetedza inoshanda inotarisirwa kuenda kuASIL-C uye ASIL-D, asi mutengo wakanyanya.Naizvozvo, makambani makuru aripo anongwarira nezve inoshingaira kuenzanisa tsvakiridzo.Mamwe mafekitori akakura anotoda kukanzura iyo balancing module uye kuita kuti kuenzanisa kuitwe kunze, kwakafanana nekuchengetedza mota dzemafuta.Nguva dzese mota painofamba chinhambwe chakati, inoenda kuchitoro che4S kuti ienzanise kunze.Izvi zvinoderedza mutengo wemota yese BMS uye zvakare kubatsira inoenderana 4S chitoro.Iko kuhwina-kukunda mamiriro emapato ese.Naizvozvo, pachangu, ndinonzwisisa kuti izvi zvinogona kuve maitiro!
3.3 Dziviriro - kuongororwa kukanganisa uye alarm
Iyo BMS yekutarisa inofananidzwa nehardware yemagetsi system, uye yakakamurwa kuita akasiyana siyana ekutadza (kutadza kudiki, kutadza kwakanyanya, kutadza kunouraya) zvinoenderana neakasiyana maitiro ekuita kwebhatiri.Matanho ekubata akasiyana anotorwa mumatanho akasiyana ekutadza: yambiro, kudzikamisa simba kana yakananga yakakwira-voltage kubviswa.Kukundikana kunosanganisira kutora dhata uye kutadza kurongeka, kutadza kwemagetsi (sensors uye actuators), kutadza kutaurirana, uye kutadza kwebhatiri.
Muenzaniso wakajairika ndewekuti bhatiri rinopisa, BMS inoona kuti bhatiri iri kupisa zvichienderana neyakaunganidzwa tembiricha yebhatiri, yobva yadzora kutenderera kwebhatiri iyi kuti ibvise, inoita kudzivirira kupisa, uye inotumira yambiro kune manejimendi masisitimu akadai EMS.
3.4 Kukurukurirana
Kushanda kwakajairika kweBMS hakugone kuparadzaniswa kubva pakuita kwayo kwekutaurirana.Kunyangwe iri kudzora bhatiri panguva yekutonga kwebhatiri, kutumira mamiriro ebhatiri kune yekunze, kana kugamuchira mirairo yekudzora, kutaurirana kwakagadzikana kunodiwa.
Musimba rebhatiri system, imwe mugumo weBMS yakabatana nebhatiri, uye imwe mugumo yakabatana nekutonga uye zvemagetsi masisitimu emota yese.Zvose zvakatipoteredza zvinoshandisa CAN protocol, asi pane musiyano pakati pekushandisa mukati meCAN pakati pezvikamu zvemukati zvebheteri pack uye kushandisa motokari CAN pakati pebhatiri pack nemotokari yose.
Kusiyana neizvi, BMS yekuchengetedza simba uye kutaurirana kwemukati kunonyanya kushandisa CAN protocol, asi kutaurirana kwayo kwekunze (kunze kunonyanya kureva simba rekuchengetedza simba rekutumira system PCS) inowanzoshandisa Internet protocol formats TCP / IP protocol uye modbus protocol.
4) BMS yekuchengetedza simba
Simba rekuchengetedza BMS vagadziri vanowanzo shanduka kubva kune simba bhatiri BMS, saka akawanda magadzirirwo uye mazwi ane nhoroondo mabviro
Semuenzaniso, bhatiri remagetsi rinowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita BMU (Battery Monitor Unit) uye BCU (Battery Control Unit), neyaimbova yekuunganidza data uye yekupedzisira ichiidzora.
Nekuti bhatiri sero ndeye electrochemical process, akawanda mabhatiri maseru anoumba bhatiri.Nekuda kwehunhu hwesero yebhatiri yega yega, zvisinei kuti nzira yekugadzira yakanyatsoita sei, pachava nekukanganisa uye kusawirirana mune yega bhatiri sero nekufamba kwenguva uye zvichienderana nenharaunda.Naizvozvo, iyo bhatiri manejimendi sisitimu ndeyekuongorora mamiriro azvino ebhatiri kuburikidza neashoma paramita, izvo zvakada kufanana nachiremba wechiChinese mushonga anoongorora murwere nekuona zviratidzo kwete mushonga wekuMadokero unoda kuongororwa kwemuviri nemakemikari.Kuongorora kwemuviri nemakemikari kwemuviri wemunhu kwakafanana nemaitiro emagetsi ebhatiri, ayo anogona kuyerwa nemidziyo mikuru yekuyedza.Nekudaro, zvakaoma kune akaiswa masisitimu kuti aongorore zvimwe zviratidzo zve electrochemistry.Naizvozvo, BMS yakafanana nachiremba wekare weChinese mushonga.
4.1 Matatu-matanho ekuvaka kwesimba rekuchengetedza BMS
Nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwemaseru ebhatiri mumasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, kuitira kuchengetedza mutengo, BMS inowanzoitwa mumatanho, ane maviri kana matatu akaturikidzana.Parizvino, iyo mainstream ine matatu akaturikidzana: master control/master control/slave control.
4.2 Tsanangudzo yakadzama yeBMS yekuchengetedza simba
5) Mamiriro azvino uye maitiro emangwana
Kune akati wandei marudzi evagadziri vanogadzira BMS:
Chikamu chekutanga ndechekupedzisira-mushandisi ane simba rinonyanya kutonga mubhatiri remagetsi BMS - mafekitari emotokari.Muchokwadi, iyo yakasimba yeBMS yekugadzira simba kune dzimwe nyika zvakare mafekitori emotokari, akadai seGeneral Motors, Tesla, etc. Pamba, kune BYD, Huating Power, nezvimwe.
Chikamu chechipiri mafekitori ebhatiri, anosanganisira vanogadzira masero uye vanogadzira mapaketi, senge Samsung, Ningde Times, Xinwangda, Desay Battery, Topband Co., Ltd., Beijing Purrad, nezvimwewo;
Rudzi rwechitatu rwevagadziri veBMS ndeavo vane makore akawanda eruzivo rwemagetsi emagetsi tekinoroji, uye vane zvikwata zveR&D zvine yunivhesiti kana zvine chekuita nemabhizinesi emashure, seEternal Electronics, Hangzhou Gaote Electronics, Xie Neng Technology, uye Kegong Electronics.
Kusiyana neBMS yemabhatiri emagetsi, ayo anonyanya kutungamirwa nevagadziri vemotokari dzekupedzisira, zvinoita sekunge vashandisi vekupedzisira vemagetsi ekuchengetedza mabhatiri havana chinodiwa kana zviito zvakanangana kutora chikamu mukutsvaga nekusimudzira uye kugadzira kweBMS.Hazvigoneki zvakare kuti vachashandisa mari yakawanda uye simba kugadzira hukuru-hukuru hwemabhatiri ekutonga masisitimu.Naizvozvo, zvinogona kutariswa kuti simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri BMS indasitiri inoshaya mutambi akakosha ane mabhenefiti akakwana, achisiya nzvimbo hombe yekusimudzira uye yekufungidzira kune vanogadzira mabhatiri nevatengesi vanotarisa pane yekuchengetedza simba BMS.Kana musika wekuchengetedza simba ukamiswa, unopa vanogadzira mabhatiri uye nyanzvi dzeBMS vagadziri nzvimbo yakawanda yekusimudzira uye kushomeka kwemakwikwi.
Parizvino, kune vashoma vagadziri veBMS vane hunyanzvi hwakanangana nekuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza BMS, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti musika wekuchengetedza simba uchiri muhucheche uye kuchine kusahadzika kwakawanda pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza simba mumusika.Naizvozvo, vagadziri vazhinji havana kugadzira BMS ine chekuita nekuchengetedza simba.Munzvimbo chaiyo yebhizinesi, kunewo vanogadzira vanotenga yemagetsi mota bhatiri BMS yekushandisa seBMS yemabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba.Zvinotendwa kuti mune ramangwana, vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi BMS vanogonawo kuve chikamu chakakosha chevatengesi veBMS vanoshandiswa mumapurojekiti makuru ekuchengetedza simba.
Panguva ino, pane kushomeka kweiyo yunifomu zviyero zveBMS zvinopihwa neakasiyana ekuchengetedza simba system suppliers.Vagadziri vakasiyana vane magadzirirwo akasiyana uye tsananguro dzeBMS, uye zvichienderana nemabhatiri akasiyana avanowirirana nawo, iyo SOX algorithm, yakaenzana tekinoroji, uye yekutaurirana data yemukati yakarodha inogonawo kusiyana.Mukushandiswa kunoshanda kweBMS, misiyano yakadai ichawedzera mitengo yekunyorera uye inokuvadza mukusimudzira maindasitiri.Naizvozvo, iyo yekumisikidza uye modularization yeBMS ichave zvakare yakakosha nzira yekusimudzira mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-15-2024