Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi BMS Ilimi da Aiki, Gabatarwa

Cikakken sunan BMS shine Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi.Na'ura ce da ke lura da matsayin batirin ajiyar makamashi.Ana amfani da shi musamman don kulawa da hankali da kula da ƙwayoyin baturi ɗaya, hana yin caji da wuce gona da iri na batura, tsawaita rayuwar batir, da lura da matsayin baturi.Gabaɗaya, ana wakilta BMS azaman allon kewayawa ko akwatin kayan aiki.

 

BMS ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman tsarin tsarin ajiyar makamashi na baturi, alhakin lura da yanayin aiki na kowane baturi a cikin sashin ajiyar makamashin baturi da kuma tabbatar da amintaccen aiki mai aminci na sashin ajiyar makamashi.BMS na iya saka idanu da tattara sigogin matsayi na baturin ajiyar makamashi a cikin ainihin lokaci (ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya ba, zafin sandar baturi, madauki na baturi, ƙarfin baturi mai ƙarewa, juriya na tsarin baturi, da dai sauransu). yi bincike mai mahimmanci da ƙididdigewa akan sigogi masu dacewa don samun ƙarin sigogin kimanta matsayin tsarin.Hakanan zai iya samun ingantaccen iko na batirin ajiyar makamashi da kansa bisa ga takamaiman dabarun sarrafa kariya don tabbatar da amintaccen aiki mai aminci na duka rukunin ajiyar makamashin baturi.A lokaci guda, BMS na iya yin hulɗa tare da wasu na'urori na waje (PCS, EMS, tsarin kariyar wuta, da dai sauransu) ta hanyar sadarwar sadarwar kansa da kuma bayanan shigarwar analog / dijital don samar da tsarin haɗin kai na wasu ƙananan sassa daban-daban a cikin dukan ikon ajiyar makamashi. tasha, tabbatar da aminci, abin dogaro, da ingantaccen aiki mai haɗin grid na tashar wutar lantarki.

2) Gine-gine

Daga mahangar gine-ginen topology, BMS ya kasu kashi biyu: tsakiya da rarraba bisa ga buƙatun aikin daban-daban.

 

BMS ta tsakiya

A taƙaice, BMS na tsakiya yana amfani da kayan aikin BMS guda ɗaya don tattara duk ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayi tare da ƴan sel.

BMS na tsakiya yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin farashi, ƙaƙƙarfan tsari, da babban abin dogaro, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a yanayin yanayi tare da ƙaramin ƙarfi, ƙarancin jimlar matsa lamba, da ƙaramin tsarin batir, kamar kayan aikin wuta, mutummutumi (manyan mutum-mutumi, mutummutumi masu taimako), IOT gidaje masu kaifin baki (mutumin robobi, injin tsabtace wutar lantarki), injina na lantarki, motocin lantarki marasa sauri (kekunan lantarki, kekunan lantarki, motocin yawon buɗe ido na lantarki, motocin sintiri na lantarki, keken golf na lantarki, da sauransu), da motocin haɗaka masu haske.

Za'a iya raba kayan aikin BMS na tsakiya zuwa manyan ƙarfin wuta da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki.Yankin babban ƙarfin lantarki yana da alhakin tattara ƙarfin lantarki guda ɗaya, tsarin jimlar ƙarfin lantarki, da juriya na saka idanu.Yankin ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki ya haɗa da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki, da'irori na CPU, hanyoyin sadarwa na CAN, da'irori masu sarrafawa, da sauransu.

Yayin da tsarin batirin wutar lantarki na motocin fasinja ke ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa babban ƙarfi, jimlar matsa lamba, da babban girma, ana amfani da gine-ginen gine-ginen BMS da aka rarraba a cikin nau'ikan toshewa da samfuran abin hawa na lantarki.

Rarraba BMS

A halin yanzu, akwai sharuɗɗa daban-daban don rarraba BMS a cikin masana'antu, kuma kamfanoni daban-daban suna da sunaye daban-daban.Batirin wutar lantarki BMS galibi yana da tsarin gine-gine mai hawa biyu na bawa:

 

Ma'ajiyar makamashi BMS yawanci gine-gine ne mai hawa uku saboda girman girman fakitin baturi, tare da babban masarrafar sarrafawa sama da bawa da manyan yadudduka na sarrafawa.

Kamar dai yadda batura ke samar da gungu na baturi, wanda kuma su ke yin tari, BMS mai hawa uku suma suna bin ƙa'idar da ke sama:

Daga sarrafawa: sashin sarrafa baturi (BMU), wanda ke tattara bayanai daga kowane baturi.

Kula da wutar lantarki da zafin jikin baturi

Daidaita baturi a cikin kunshin

Loda bayanai

thermal management

Ƙararrawa mara kyau

Jagorar sarrafawa: Ƙungiyar sarrafa tarin baturi: BCU (naúrar gungun baturi, kuma aka sani da babban ƙarfin sarrafa wutar lantarki HVU, BCMU, da dai sauransu), alhakin tattara bayanan BMU da tattara bayanan gunkin baturi.

Sayen tarin baturi na yanzu, jimlar siyan wutar lantarki, gano yabo

Kariyar kashe wuta lokacin da yanayin baturi bai saba ba

A ƙarƙashin kulawar BMS, ana iya kammala daidaita ƙarfin aiki da daidaitawar SOC daban a matsayin tushen cajin da sarrafa caji na gaba.

Ƙungiyar sarrafa tsararrun baturi (BAU) ita ce ke da alhakin sarrafa batura a tsakiya a cikin jigon baturin makamashi.Yana haɗawa da ƙungiyoyin sarrafa tarin baturi daban-daban kuma yana musayar bayanai tare da wasu na'urori don ba da amsa kan yanayin aiki na tsararrun baturi.

Yin caji da cajin sarrafa tsarin baturi

Tsarin BMS duba kai da ƙararrawar gano kuskure

Ƙararrawar gano kuskuren fakitin baturi

Kariyar tsaro don rashin daidaituwa daban-daban da kurakurai a jeren baturi

Sadarwa tare da wasu na'urori kamar PCS da EMS

Adana bayanai, watsawa da sarrafawa

Layer sarrafa baturi: alhakin tattara bayanai daban-daban (ƙarfin wutar lantarki, zafin jiki) na kowane baturi, ƙididdigewa da nazarin SOC da SOH na batura, cimma daidaiton aiki na batir ɗaya, da loda bayanan da ba a saba ba na kowane baturi zuwa Layer fakitin baturi BCMU.Ta hanyar sadarwar waje ta CAN, an haɗa ta ta hanyar sarkar daisy.

Layer sarrafa baturi: alhakin tattara bayanai daban-daban daga kowane batura da BMU ta ɗora, tattara bayanai daban-daban game da fakitin baturi (fakitin ƙarfin lantarki, fakitin zafin jiki), cajin fakitin baturi da kwararar ruwa, ƙididdigewa da nazarin SOC da SOH na fakitin baturi. , da loda duk bayanai zuwa Layer cluster unit Layer BAMS.Ta hanyar sadarwar waje ta CAN, an haɗa ta ta hanyar sarkar daisy.

Layer sarrafa tarin baturi: alhakin tattara bayanai daban-daban na baturi da BCMU ta ɗora da kuma loda duk bayanai zuwa tsarin saka idanu na makamashin EMS ta hanyar dubawar RJ45;sadarwa tare da PCS don aika bayanan da suka dace na baturi zuwa PCS (CAN ko RS485 interface), kuma sanye take da busassun nodes don sadarwa tare da PCS.Bugu da kari, yana aiwatar da kimanta tsarin batir BSE (Kimanin Jihar Baturi), gano yanayin tsarin lantarki, gudanarwar lamba, sarrafa zafi, sarrafa aiki, sarrafa caji, gudanar da bincike, da aiwatar da gudanar da hanyar sadarwa ta ciki da waje.Yana sadarwa tare da masu aiki ta hanyar CAN.

3) Menene BMS ke yi?

Ayyukan BMS suna da yawa, amma ainihin da abin da muka fi damuwa da su sune bangarori uku:

Ɗaya shine ji (gudanar da jiha), wanda shine ainihin aikin BMS.Yana auna ƙarfin lantarki, juriya, zafin jiki, kuma a ƙarshe yana jin yanayin baturin.Muna so mu san halin batirin, yawan kuzari da ƙarfinsa, lafiyarsa, yawan ƙarfinsa, da yadda yake da aminci.Wannan shine ji.

Na biyu shine management (daidaituwa management).Wasu mutane suna cewa BMS shine uwargidan baturi.Sa'an nan ya kamata wannan nanny ya sarrafa shi.Me za a sarrafa?Yana da kyau a sanya baturin ya yi kyau sosai.Mafi mahimmanci shine sarrafa ma'auni da kula da thermal.

Na uku shine kariya (gudanar da tsaro).Nanny ma tana da aikin yi.Idan baturin yana da wasu matsayi, yana buƙatar kiyaye shi kuma yana buƙatar ƙara ƙararrawa.

Tabbas, akwai kuma bangaren gudanarwar sadarwa wanda ke tura bayanai a ciki ko wajen tsarin ta wasu ka'idoji.

BMS yana da wasu ayyuka da yawa, irin su sarrafa aiki, saka idanu, kula da zafi, da sauransu, waɗanda ba a tattauna su anan.

 

3.1 Hankali - Aunawa da Ƙididdiga

Babban aikin BMS shine aunawa da ƙididdige sigogin baturi, gami da sigogi na asali kamar ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, zafin jiki, da yanayi, da kuma lissafin bayanan yanayin baturi kamar SOC da SOH.Har ila yau, filin batir ɗin wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi lissafin SOP (jihar iko) da SOE (yanayin makamashi), waɗanda ba a tattauna su a nan ba.Za mu mai da hankali kan bayanai biyu na farko da aka fi amfani da su.

Ma'aunin salula

1) Ma'aunin bayanai na asali: Babban aikin tsarin sarrafa baturi shine auna ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da zafin jiki na ɗayan sel ɗin baturi, wanda shine ginshiƙi na duk manyan ƙididdiga da dabaru masu sarrafawa a cikin tsarin sarrafa baturi.

2) Gwajin juriya na insulation: Ana buƙatar gwajin gwaji don duk tsarin batir da tsarin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tsarin sarrafa baturi.

3) Ganewar madaidaicin wutar lantarki (HVIL): ana amfani da shi don tabbatar da amincin duk tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da kuma fara matakan tsaro lokacin da amincin madaidaicin madauki na tsarin wutar lantarki ya lalace.

Lissafin SOC

SOC yana nufin Yanayin Cajin, wanda shine ragowar ƙarfin baturin.A taƙaice, yawan ƙarfin da ya rage a cikin baturi.

SOC shine ma'auni mafi mahimmanci a cikin BMS, kamar yadda komai ya dogara da shi.Don haka, daidaitonsa da ƙarfinsa (wanda kuma aka sani da ikon gyara kuskure) yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.Ba tare da ingantaccen SOC ba, babu adadin aikin kariya da zai iya sa BMS yayi aiki da kyau, saboda sau da yawa baturi zai kasance cikin yanayin kariya, yana sa ba zai yiwu a tsawaita rayuwar baturin ba.

A halin yanzu, manyan hanyoyin kimanta SOC sun haɗa da hanyar wutar lantarki mai buɗewa, hanyar haɗin kai na yanzu, Hanyar tace Kalman, da hanyar hanyar sadarwar jijiya.Hanyoyi biyu na farko ana amfani da su akai-akai.Hanyoyi biyu na ƙarshe sun haɗa da ci-gaba ilimi kamar ƙirar haɗin kai da basirar wucin gadi, waɗanda ba a cika su ba a nan.

A aikace-aikace masu amfani, galibi ana amfani da algorithms da yawa a hade, tare da ɗaukar algorithms daban-daban dangane da cajin baturi da halin fitarwa.

Hanyar wutar lantarki mai buɗewa

Ka'idar hanyar wutar lantarki mai buɗewa ita ce amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun alaƙar aiki tsakanin buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki da SOC ƙarƙashin yanayin sanya baturi na dogon lokaci, don haka ƙididdige SOC dangane da wutar lantarki mai buɗewa.Keken lantarki na baturin gubar-acid da aka saba amfani da shi a baya yana amfani da wannan hanyar don kimanta SOC.Hanyar wutar lantarki mai buɗewa yana da sauƙi kuma mai dacewa, amma kuma akwai rashin amfani da yawa:

1. Dole ne a bar baturi a tsaye na dogon lokaci, in ba haka ba wutar lantarki na budewa zai yi wuya a daidaita a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci;

2. Akwai filayen wutan lantarki a cikin batura, musamman batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate, inda ƙarfin wutan lantarki da SOC curve suna kusan layi yayin kewayon SOC30% -80%;

3. Baturin yana cikin yanayin zafi daban-daban ko matakan rayuwa daban-daban, kuma kodayake buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki iri ɗaya ne, ainihin bambancin SOC na iya zama babba;

Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, lokacin da muke amfani da wannan keken lantarki, idan an nuna SOC na yanzu a matsayin 100%, ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa lokacin da yake hanzari, kuma ana iya nuna wutar a matsayin 80%.Lokacin da muka dakatar da hanzari, ƙarfin lantarki yana tashi, kuma ƙarfin yana tsalle zuwa 100%.Don haka nunin wutar lantarkin mu ba daidai bane.Idan muka tsaya tana da iko, amma idan muka tashi sai ya kare.Wannan bazai zama matsala tare da baturi ba, amma yana iya zama saboda SoC algorithm na BMS yana da sauƙi.

Hanyar haɗin gwiwar An-Shi

Hanyar haɗin kai ta Anshici gaba tana ƙididdige ƙimar SOC kai tsaye ta hanyar ma'anar SOC.

Idan aka ba da ƙimar SOC ta farko, idan dai za a iya auna halin yanzu na baturi (inda fitarwar halin yanzu ta tabbata), ana iya ƙididdige canjin ƙarfin baturi daidai ta hanyar haɗin kai na yanzu, yana haifar da sauran SOC.

Wannan hanyar tana da ingantattun sakamako na kimantawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma saboda kurakuran auna na firikwensin halin yanzu da raguwar ƙarfin baturi a hankali, haɗin kai na dogon lokaci na yanzu zai gabatar da wasu karkatattun.Don haka, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya tare da hanyar buɗe wutar lantarki don ƙididdige ƙimar farko don ƙimar SOC tare da ƙananan buƙatun daidaito, kuma ana iya amfani dashi tare da hanyar tace Kalman don tsinkayar SOC na ɗan lokaci.

SOC (State Of Charge) na cikin ainihin sarrafa algorithm na BMS, wanda ke wakiltar matsayin ƙarfin da ya rage na yanzu.An samo shi ne ta hanyar hanyar haɗin kai na ampere-hour da EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm, haɗe tare da dabarun gyarawa (kamar gyaran wutar lantarki mai buɗewa, gyare-gyare mai cikakken caji, gyaran ƙarshen caji, gyaran ƙarfin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi daban-daban da SOH). da sauransu).Hanyar haɗakarwa ta awa-ampere tana da ingantacciyar abin dogaro a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da daidaiton saye na yanzu, amma ba ta da ƙarfi.Saboda tarin kurakurai, dole ne a haɗa shi da dabarun gyarawa.Hanyar EKF tana da ƙarfi amma algorithm yana da ɗan rikitarwa kuma yana da wahalar aiwatarwa.Masu sana'a na yau da kullun na cikin gida na iya cimma daidaiton ƙasa da 6% a zazzabi na ɗaki, amma ƙididdigewa a babban zafi da ƙarancin zafi da ragewar baturi yana da wahala.

Gyaran SOC

Saboda sauye-sauye na yanzu, ƙididdiga ta SOC na iya zama maras kyau, kuma ana buƙatar shigar da dabarun gyara daban-daban a cikin tsarin kimantawa.

 

SOH lissafi

SOH yana nufin Jihar Lafiya, wanda ke nuna halin lafiyar baturi na yanzu (ko matakin lalacewar baturi).Yawanci ana wakilta shi azaman ƙima tsakanin 0 zuwa 100%, tare da ƙimar ƙasa da 80% gabaɗaya ana la'akari don nuna cewa ba'a iya amfani da baturi.Ana iya wakilta shi ta canje-canjen ƙarfin baturi ko juriya na ciki.Lokacin amfani da iya aiki, ana ƙididdige ainihin ƙarfin baturi na yanzu bisa bayanai daga tsarin aikin baturin, kuma rabon wannan zuwa ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige shi ne SOH.Madaidaicin SOH zai inganta ƙimar ƙimar sauran kayayyaki lokacin da baturin ke lalacewa.

Akwai ma'anoni daban-daban guda biyu na SOH a cikin masana'antar:

Ma'anar SOH dangane da fade iya aiki

Lokacin amfani da batura lithium-ion, kayan aiki a cikin baturin sannu a hankali yana raguwa, juriya na ciki yana ƙaruwa, ƙarfin yana lalacewa.Don haka, ana iya ƙididdige SOH ta ƙarfin baturi.An bayyana matsayin lafiyar baturin azaman rabon ƙarfin halin yanzu zuwa ƙarfin farko, kuma an ayyana SOH ɗinsa da:

SOH=(C_standard-C_fade)/C_standard ×100%

Inda: C_fade shine asarar ƙarfin baturin;C_standard shine iya aiki mara kyau.

IEEE misali 1188-1996 ya nuna cewa lokacin da ƙarfin baturin wutar lantarki ya ragu zuwa 80%, ya kamata a maye gurbin baturin.Sabili da haka, yawanci muna la'akari da cewa batir SOH ba ya samuwa lokacin da yake ƙasa da 80%.

Ma'anar SOH dangane da rage karfin wuta (Power Fade)

Tsufa kusan kowane nau'in batura zai haifar da haɓaka juriya na ciki na baturi.Mafi girman juriya na ciki na baturi, ƙananan ƙarfin da ake samu.Sabili da haka, ana iya ƙididdige SOH ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki.

3.2 Gudanarwa - Daidaitaccen Fasaha

Kowane baturi yana da nasa “mutum”

Don magana game da ma'auni, dole ne mu fara da batura.Hatta batura da masana'anta ke samarwa a cikin tsari iri ɗaya suna da nasu zagayowar rayuwa da “halayen mutum” – ƙarfin kowane baturi ba zai iya zama daidai ba.Akwai dalilai guda biyu na wannan rashin daidaituwa:

Daya shine rashin daidaiton samar da kwayar halitta

Ɗaya shine rashin daidaituwar halayen lantarki.

rashin daidaituwar samarwa

Rashin daidaituwa na samarwa yana da sauƙin fahimta.Misali, yayin aikin samarwa, rashin daidaituwa na diaphragm da rashin daidaituwar kayan cathode da anode na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwar ƙarfin baturi gabaɗaya.Madaidaicin baturi 50AH na iya zama 49AH ko 51AH.

rashin daidaituwa na electrochemical

Rashin daidaituwar ilimin kimiyyar lantarki shine cewa yayin aiwatar da cajin baturi da fitarwa, ko da samarwa da sarrafa ƙwayoyin biyu iri ɗaya ne, yanayin zafi ba zai taɓa kasancewa daidai ba a cikin tsarin halayen lantarki.Misali, lokacin yin na'urorin baturi, zafin zoben da ke kewaye dole ne ya zama ƙasa da na tsakiya.Wannan yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na dogon lokaci tsakanin caji da adadin kuɗi, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar ƙarfin ƙwayoyin baturi;Lokacin da caji da fitarwa na fim ɗin SEI a kan baturi ba su da daidaituwa na dogon lokaci, tsufa na fim din SEI kuma zai zama rashin daidaituwa.

* Fim ɗin SEI: “Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙira).A lokacin aikin fitarwa na farko na batirin lithium ion ruwa, abin lantarki yana amsawa tare da electrolyte akan madaidaicin lokaci mai ƙarfi don samar da Layer passivation wanda ke rufe saman kayan lantarki.Fim ɗin SEI shine insulator na lantarki amma kyakkyawan jagorar ions lithium, wanda ba kawai yana kare wutar lantarki ba amma kuma baya shafar aikin baturi.Tsufa na fim din SEI yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lafiyar baturi.

Don haka, rashin daidaituwa (ko hankali) na fakitin baturi wata alama ce da babu makawa na aikin baturi.

Me yasa ake buƙatar daidaito

Batura sun bambanta, don haka me zai hana a yi ƙoƙarin yin su iri ɗaya?Domin rashin daidaituwa zai shafi aikin fakitin baturi.

Fakitin baturi a cikin jerin yana biye da tasirin gajeriyar ganga: a cikin tsarin fakitin baturi a jere, ƙarfin tsarin fakitin baturi yana ƙaddara ta mafi ƙanƙanta guda ɗaya.

A ce muna da fakitin baturi mai kunshe da batura uku:

a san cewa wuce gona da iri da yin caji na iya lalata batura sosai.Saboda haka, lokacin da baturi B ya cika yayin caji ko lokacin da SoC na baturi B yayi ƙasa sosai yayin fitarwa, wajibi ne a daina caji da caji don kare baturi B. Sakamakon haka, ƙarfin baturi A da C ba za su iya zama cikakke ba. amfani.

Wannan yana haifar da:

Ainihin ƙarfin da za a iya amfani da shi na fakitin baturi ya ragu: Batirin A da C, waɗanda za su iya yin amfani da ƙarfin da ake da su, yanzu ba su iya yin hakan don ɗaukar baturi B. Kamar mutane biyu ne akan ƙafafu uku a ɗaure tare, tare da mutum mai tsayi ya kasa ɗaukar manyan matakai.

Rage rayuwar baturi: Ƙaramin tsayin tafiya yana buƙatar ƙarin matakai kuma yana sa ƙafafu su kara gajiya.Tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi, adadin caji da zagayowar fitarwa yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da mafi girman lalacewar baturi.Misali, tantanin halitta guda ɗaya na iya cimma zagayowar 4000 a 100% DoD, amma a ainihin amfani ba zai iya kaiwa 100% ba kuma adadin zagayowar tabbas ba zai kai 4000 ba.

*DoD, Zurfin fitarwa, yana wakiltar adadin ƙarfin fitarwar baturi zuwa ƙimar ƙimar baturi.

Rashin daidaiton batura yana haifar da raguwa a cikin aikin fakitin baturi.Lokacin da girman tsarin baturi ya yi girma, ana haɗa igiyoyi masu yawa na batura a jeri, kuma babban bambancin ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya zai sa ƙarfin duka akwatin ya ragu.Yawan batir ɗin da aka haɗa cikin jeri, yawan ƙarfin da suke rasawa.Koyaya, a cikin aikace-aikacenmu, musamman a aikace-aikacen tsarin ajiyar makamashi, akwai mahimman buƙatu guda biyu:

Na farko shi ne baturi mai tsawo, wanda zai iya rage yawan aiki da farashin kulawa.Tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana da manyan buƙatu don rayuwar fakitin baturi.Yawancin na cikin gida an tsara su don shekaru 15.Idan muka ɗauka zagayowar 300 a kowace shekara, shekaru 15 shine hawan keke 4500, wanda har yanzu yana da girma sosai.Muna buƙatar haɓaka rayuwar kowane baturi ta yadda jimillar rayuwar fakitin baturi zai iya kaiwa ga rayuwar ƙira gwargwadon yuwuwar, da kuma rage tasirin tarwatsa baturi akan rayuwar fakitin baturi.

Zagaye mai zurfi na biyu, musamman a yanayin aikace-aikacen na aski kololuwa, sakin ƙarin kWh na wutar lantarki zai kawo ƙarin maki ɗaya na kudaden shiga.Wato za mu yi 80% DoD ko 90% DoD.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da zurfin sake zagayowar a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi, za a bayyana watsawar baturin yayin fitar da wutsiya.Don haka, don tabbatar da cikakkiyar sakin ƙarfin kowane tantanin halitta a ƙarƙashin yanayin caji mai zurfi da zurfafa zurfafawa, wajibi ne a buƙaci BMS ɗin ajiyar makamashi don samun ƙarfin sarrafa daidaito mai ƙarfi da kuma hana faruwar daidaito tsakanin sel batir. .

Waɗannan buƙatun guda biyu sun saba daidai da rashin daidaituwar baturi.Don cimma ingantattun aikace-aikacen fakitin baturi, dole ne mu sami ingantacciyar fasahar daidaitawa don rage tasirin rashin daidaituwar baturi.

fasahar daidaito

Fasahar daidaita baturi hanya ce ta yin batura masu iyawa daban-daban iri ɗaya.Akwai hanyoyin daidaitawa gama gari guda biyu: daidaitawar wutar lantarki ta unidirectional (daidaitaccen daidaitawa) da daidaita daidaitattun hanyoyin canja wurin makamashi (daidaitan aiki).

(1) Ma'aunin wucewa

Ƙa'idar daidaitawa ta m ita ce daidaitawa da mai jujjuyawar fitarwa akan kowane igiyar baturi.BMS yana sarrafa mai jujjuyawar fitarwa don fitar da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki, yana watsar da makamashin lantarki azaman zafi.Misali, lokacin da baturi B ya kusa cika cika, ana buɗe maɓalli don ba da damar resistor akan baturi B ya watsar da wuce gona da iri da ƙarfin lantarki azaman zafi.Sannan ana ci gaba da yin caji har sai an cika cajin batura A da C.

Wannan hanyar za ta iya fitar da sel masu ƙarfi ne kawai, kuma ba za ta iya yin cajin sel marasa ƙarfi ba.Saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin juriya na fitarwa, daidaiton halin yanzu yana ƙarami (kasa da 1A).

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na daidaitawa mara kyau sune ƙananan farashi da ƙirar kewaye mai sauƙi;rashin amfani shine cewa yana dogara ne akan mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi don daidaitawa, wanda ba zai iya ƙara ƙarfin batura tare da ƙananan ƙarfin da ya rage ba, kuma 100% na daidaitaccen ikon yana ɓacewa a cikin yanayin zafi.

(2) Ma'auni mai aiki

Ta hanyar algorithms, igiyoyi masu yawa na batura suna canja wurin makamashi na sel masu ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan ajiyar makamashi, suna fitar da batura masu girma da kuma amfani da makamashin da aka saki don cajin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin.Ana canja makamashin ne musamman maimakon tarwatsewa.

Ta wannan hanyar, yayin caji, baturi B, wanda ya fara kai 100% ƙarfin lantarki, yana fitowa zuwa A da C, kuma batura uku suna cike da caji tare.Lokacin fitarwa, lokacin da ragowar cajin baturi B yayi ƙasa da ƙasa, A da C suna "cajin" B, ta yadda tantanin halitta B ba zai kai ga matakin SOC don dakatar da fitarwa da sauri ba.

Babban fasali na fasaha daidaita aiki

(1) Ma'auni mai girma da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki don inganta ingancin fakitin baturi: Lokacin caji da caji da kuma lokacin hutawa, za a iya fitar da batura masu ƙarfin lantarki kuma za'a iya cajin ƙananan batir;

(2) Canja wurin makamashi mai ƙarancin asara: ana canjawa da makamashi galibi maimakon asara kawai, inganta ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki;

(3) Babban ma'auni na yanzu: Gabaɗaya, ma'auni na yanzu yana tsakanin 1 da 10A, kuma ma'auni yana da sauri;

Daidaitawa mai aiki yana buƙatar daidaita ma'aunin da'irori masu dacewa da na'urorin ajiyar makamashi, wanda ke haifar da babban girma da ƙarin farashi.Waɗannan sharuɗɗa guda biyu tare sun ƙayyade cewa daidaitawa mai aiki ba shi da sauƙi don haɓakawa da amfani da shi.

Bugu da kari, aikin daidaita caji da aiwatar da fitar da caji yana kara zagayowar baturi a fakaice.Don sel waɗanda ke buƙatar caji da fitarwa don cimma daidaito, ƙarin nauyin aiki na iya sa su wuce tsufa na sel na yau da kullun, yana haifar da babban tazarin aiki tare da sauran sel.

Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata maganganun biyun da ke sama su dace da daidaitattun ma'auni da rashin rarrabawa.Ko yana aiki ko m yakamata ya dogara da lamarin da ke haifar da tsarin daidaito.Idan tsarin ya kai matsayin da ya zama dole ya zama m, ya zama m.Idan mutane ne suka saita shi, saita tsarin ma'auni lokacin da ba lallai ba ne a daidaita shi ana kiran shi ma'auni mai aiki.

Misali, lokacin da fitarwa ya ƙare, mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki ya kai ga yanke wutar lantarki, yayin da sauran sel ke da iko.A wannan lokacin, don fitar da wutar lantarki mai yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, tsarin yana canza wutar lantarki na sel masu ƙarfi zuwa sel marasa ƙarfi, yana barin tsarin fitarwa ya ci gaba har sai an sauke duka.Wannan tsari ne na daidaitawa.Idan tsarin ya annabta cewa za a sami rashin daidaituwa a ƙarshen fitarwa lokacin da akwai sauran 40% na ikon da ya rage, zai fara aikin daidaitawa mai aiki.

An raba daidaitawa mai aiki zuwa tsakiya da kuma hanyoyin da ba a san su ba.Hanyar daidaitawa ta tsakiya tana samun kuzari daga duk fakitin baturi, sannan ta yi amfani da na'urar sauya makamashi don ƙara kuzari ga batura masu ƙarancin ƙarfi.Daidaitaccen daidaitawa ya ƙunshi hanyar haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin batura masu kusa, wanda zai iya zama inductor ko capacitor, yana barin kuzari ya gudana tsakanin batura masu kusa.

A cikin dabarun kula da ma'auni na yanzu, akwai waɗanda ke ɗaukar wutar lantarki ta tantanin halitta azaman madaidaicin manufa, sannan akwai kuma waɗanda suka ba da shawarar yin amfani da SOC azaman ma'aunin sarrafa ma'auni.Ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki a matsayin misali.

Da farko, saita ƙimar ƙima guda biyu don farawa da kawo ƙarshen daidaitawa: misali, a cikin saitin batura, lokacin da bambanci tsakanin matsananciyar ƙarfin lantarki guda ɗaya da matsakaicin ƙarfin saitin ya kai 50mV, an fara daidaitawa, kuma lokacin da aka fara daidaitawa. ya kai 5mV, daidaitawa ya ƙare.

BMS yana tattara ƙarfin lantarki na kowane tantanin halitta bisa ga ƙayyadaddun sake zagayowar saye, yana ƙididdige matsakaicin ƙima, sannan ya ƙididdige bambanci tsakanin kowane irin ƙarfin lantarki da matsakaicin ƙimar;

Idan matsakaicin bambanci ya kai 50mV, BMS yana buƙatar fara tsarin daidaitawa;

Ci gaba da mataki na 2 yayin aikin daidaitawa har sai bambance-bambancen dabi'u duk sun kasa 5mV, sannan kawo karshen daidaitawa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ba duk BMSs ke buƙatar wannan matakin ba, kuma dabarun da zasu biyo baya na iya bambanta dangane da hanyar daidaitawa.

Fasahar ma'auni kuma tana da alaƙa da nau'in baturi.An yi imani da cewa LFP ya fi dacewa da ma'auni mai aiki, yayin da batura na ternary sun dace da ma'auni mai mahimmanci.

Matakin gasa mai tsanani a cikin BMS galibi ana goyan bayan farashi da aminci.A halin yanzu, har yanzu ba a sami tabbacin gwajin gwaji na daidaita aiki ba.Ana sa ran matakin amincin aikin zai matsa zuwa ASIL-C da ASIL-D, amma farashin yana da yawa.Sabili da haka, manyan kamfanoni na yanzu suna taka tsantsan game da daidaiton bincike mai aiki.Wasu manyan masana'antu har ma suna son soke tsarin daidaitawa kuma a yi duk daidaitawa a waje, kama da kula da motocin mai.Duk lokacin da abin hawa ya yi tafiya mai nisa, zai je kantin sayar da 4S don daidaitawa na waje.Wannan zai rage farashin duka abin hawa BMS kuma zai amfana da kantin 4S daidai.Halin nasara ne ga kowane bangare.Saboda haka, da kaina, na gane cewa wannan na iya zama wani Trend!

3.3 Kariya - gano kuskure da ƙararrawa

Kulawar BMS ya dace da kayan aikin tsarin lantarki, kuma an raba shi zuwa matakan gazawa daban-daban (ƙananan gazawa, gazawa mai tsanani, gazawar mutuwa) gwargwadon yanayin aikin baturi daban-daban.Ana ɗaukar matakan kulawa daban-daban a cikin matakan gazawa daban-daban: faɗakarwa, iyakancewar wuta ko yanke babban ƙarfin lantarki kai tsaye.Rashin gazawa ya haɗa da sayan bayanai da gazawar hankali, gazawar wutar lantarki (maɓalli da masu kunnawa), gazawar sadarwa, da gazawar matsayin baturi.

Misali na yau da kullun shine lokacin da baturi yayi zafi, BMS yana ƙayyade cewa baturin yana yin zafi bisa ga yawan zafin baturin da aka tattara, sannan yana sarrafa da'irar wannan baturi don cire haɗin, yana yin kariya mai zafi, kuma ya aika da faɗakarwa zuwa tsarin gudanarwa kamar EMS.

3.4 Sadarwa

Ba za a iya raba aikin yau da kullun na BMS daga aikin sadarwar sa ba.Ko yana sarrafa baturi yayin sarrafa baturi, watsa matsayin baturi zuwa duniyar waje, ko karɓar umarnin sarrafawa, ana buƙatar ingantaccen sadarwa.

A cikin tsarin batirin wutar lantarki, ɗayan ƙarshen BMS yana haɗa da baturi, ɗayan kuma yana haɗa da sarrafawa da tsarin lantarki na duka abin hawa.Yanayin gaba ɗaya yana amfani da ka'idar CAN, amma akwai bambanci tsakanin amfani da CAN na ciki tsakanin abubuwan ciki na fakitin baturi da amfani da abin hawa CAN tsakanin fakitin baturi da duka abin hawa.

Sabanin haka, BMS ajiyar makamashi da sadarwar cikin gida suna amfani da ka'idar CAN, amma sadarwar ta waje (na waje galibi tana nufin tsarin aika tashar wutar lantarki ta PCS) sau da yawa yana amfani da tsarin ladabi na Intanet TCP/IP yarjejeniya da modbus yarjejeniya.

4) BMS ajiyar makamashi

Masana'antun BMS na ajiyar makamashi gabaɗaya sun samo asali ne daga baturin wuta BMS, ƙira da sharuɗɗa da yawa suna da tushen tarihi

Misali, batirin wutar lantarki gabaɗaya ya kasu zuwa BMU (Battery Monitor Unit) da BCU (Sashin Kula da Baturi), tare da tsohon tattara bayanai kuma na baya yana sarrafa shi.

Saboda cell baturi tsari ne na lantarki, ƙwayoyin baturi da yawa suna samar da baturi.Saboda halaye na kowane tantanin baturi, ko ta yaya daidaitaccen tsarin masana'anta, za a sami kurakurai da rashin daidaituwa a cikin kowace tantanin baturi na tsawon lokaci kuma ya dogara da yanayin.Don haka, tsarin sarrafa batir shi ne tantance halin da baturin yake ciki a halin yanzu ta hanyar iyakantaccen ma'auni, wanda ya yi kama da wani likitan likitancin gargajiya na kasar Sin da ke tantance majiyyaci ta hanyar lura da alamomi maimakon magungunan kasashen yamma da ke bukatar nazarin jiki da sinadarai.Binciken jiki da sinadarai na jikin mutum yayi kama da sifofin lantarki na baturi, wanda za'a iya auna shi da manyan kayan gwaji.Duk da haka, yana da wahala ga tsarin da aka haɗa su don kimanta wasu alamomi na electrochemistry.Saboda haka, BMS kamar tsohon likitan likitancin kasar Sin ne.

4.1 Gine-gine mai layi uku na BMS na ajiyar makamashi

Saboda yawan adadin ƙwayoyin baturi a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi, don adana farashi, BMS gabaɗaya ana aiwatar da shi a cikin yadudduka, tare da yadudduka biyu ko uku.A halin yanzu, al'ada ita ce yadudduka uku: sarrafawa mai kulawa / sarrafa mai kulawa / sarrafa bawa.

4.2 Cikakken bayanin BMS ajiyar makamashi

5) Halin da ake ciki yanzu da kuma yanayin gaba

Akwai nau'ikan masana'anta da yawa waɗanda ke samar da BMS:

Rukuni na farko shine mai amfani na ƙarshe tare da mafi girman iko a cikin baturin wutar lantarki BMS - masana'antar mota.A zahiri, ƙarfin masana'antar BMS mafi ƙarfi a ƙasashen waje kuma shine masana'antar motoci, kamar General Motors, Tesla, da sauransu. A gida, akwai BYD, Huating Power, da sauransu.

Nau'i na biyu shine masana'antar batir, ciki har da masu kera tantanin halitta da masana'anta, kamar Samsung, Ningde Times, Xinwangda, Desay Battery, Topband Co., Ltd., Beijing Purrad, da sauransu;

Nau'in na uku na masana'antun BMS su ne waɗanda ke da shekaru masu yawa na gogewa a cikin fasahar lantarki na lantarki, kuma suna da ƙungiyoyin R&D tare da jami'a ko abubuwan da suka danganci sana'a, irin su Eternal Electronics, Hangzhou Gaote Electronics, Xie Neng Technology, da Kegong Electronics.

Ba kamar BMS na batura masu wuta ba, wanda galibi masana'antun kera motoci na ƙarshe suka mamaye, da alama ƙarshen masu amfani da batirin ajiyar makamashi ba su da buƙatu ko takamaiman ayyuka don shiga cikin bincike da haɓakawa da masana'antar BMS.Har ila yau, yana da wuya su kashe kuɗi da makamashi mai yawa don haɓaka manyan tsarin sarrafa batir.Sabili da haka, ana iya la'akari da cewa masana'antun BMS na baturi na ajiyar makamashi ba su da wani muhimmin dan wasa tare da cikakkiyar fa'ida, yana barin sararin samaniya don haɓakawa da tunani ga masana'antun baturi da masu sayarwa suna mai da hankali kan ajiyar makamashi BMS.Idan an kafa kasuwar ajiyar makamashi, zai ba masu kera batir da ƙwararrun masana'antun BMS ɗaki mai yawa don haɓakawa da ƙarancin juriya.

A halin yanzu, akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'antun BMS waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi na BMS, galibi saboda gaskiyar cewa kasuwar ajiyar makamashi tana cikin ƙuruciyarta kuma har yanzu akwai shakku game da ci gaban ajiyar makamashi a kasuwa.Saboda haka, yawancin masana'antun ba su haɓaka BMS masu alaƙa da ajiyar makamashi ba.A cikin ainihin yanayin kasuwanci, akwai kuma masana'antun da ke siyan batirin motar lantarki BMS don amfani da su azaman BMS don batir ajiyar makamashi.An yi imanin cewa a nan gaba, ƙwararrun masana'antun motocin lantarki na BMS suma suna iya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na masu samar da BMS da ake amfani da su a cikin manyan ayyukan ajiyar makamashi.

A wannan mataki, akwai ƙarancin ƙa'idodi guda ɗaya na BMS wanda masu samar da tsarin ajiyar makamashi daban-daban ke bayarwa.Masana'antun daban-daban suna da ƙira da ma'anoni daban-daban don BMS, kuma ya danganta da nau'ikan batura da suka dace da su, SOX algorithm, fasahar daidaitawa, da bayanan sadarwar da aka ɗora na iya bambanta.A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen BMS, irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen za su ƙara farashin aikace-aikacen kuma suna da illa ga ci gaban masana'antu.Sabili da haka, daidaitawa da daidaitawa na BMS kuma za su kasance muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba a nan gaba.