1) Yintoni i-BMS?
Igama elipheleleyo le-BMS yiNkqubo yoLawulo lweBattery.Sisixhobo esibeka esweni ubume beebhetri zokugcina amandla.Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kulawulo olukrelekrele kunye nokugcinwa kweeseli zebhetri, ukunqanda ukutshajiswa kakhulu kunye nokuchithwa kweebhetri, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri, kunye nokubeka iliso kwimo yebhetri.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-BMS imelwe njengebhodi yesekethe okanye ibhokisi ye-hardware.
I-BMS yenye yeendlela ezisezantsi zenkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri, ejongene nokubeka iliso kwimo yokusebenza yebhetri nganye kwiyunithi yokugcina amandla ebhetri kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kweyunithi yokugcina amandla.I-BMS inokubeka iliso kwaye iqokelele iiparitha zemo yebhetri yokugcina amandla ngexesha langempela (kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwivolthi yeseli enye, ubushushu bebhetri, ubushushu bebhetri, ibhetri ye-loop yangoku, i-voltage yebhetri ye-terminal, ukuxhathisa inkqubo yebhetri, njl. yenza uhlalutyo oluyimfuneko kunye nokubala kwiiparameters zesimo esifanelekileyo ukufumana iiparamitha ezininzi zovavanyo lwesistim.Ingakwazi kwakhona ukuphumeza ulawulo olusebenzayo lwebhetri yokugcina amandla ngokwalo ngokwezicwangciso ezithile zokulawula ukukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwayo yonke iyunithi yokugcina amandla ebhetri.Ngelo xesha, i-BMS inokusebenzisana nezinye izixhobo zangaphandle (i-PCS, i-EMS, inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo, njl.) ngokusebenzisa i-interface yayo yonxibelelwano kunye ne-analog / i-digital input interface ukwenza uxhulumaniso lokudibanisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kuwo wonke amandla okugcina amandla. isikhululo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, okuthembekileyo, nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo okuqhagamshelwe kwigridi yesikhululo samandla.
2) Uyilo lwezakhiwo
Ngokwembono ye-architecture ye-topology, i-BMS yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: ibekwe embindini kwaye isasazwe ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi.
I-BMS ephakathi
Ukubeka nje, i-BMS esembindini isebenzisa i-hardware ye-BMS enye ukuqokelela zonke iiseli, ezilungele iimeko ezineeseli ezimbalwa.
I-BMS ye-Centralised ineenzuzo zexabiso eliphantsi, i-compact structure, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezinomthamo ophantsi, uxinzelelo oluphantsi olupheleleyo, kunye nomthamo wenkqubo yebhetri encinci, njengezixhobo zamandla, iirobhothi (ukuphatha iirobhothi, iirobhothi ezincedisayo), Amakhaya ahlakaniphile e-IOT (iirobhothi ezitshayelayo, ii-vacuum cleaners zombane), iiforklift zombane, izithuthi zombane ezinesantya esiphantsi (iibhayisekile zombane, izithuthuthu zombane, iimoto zokubona indawo zombane, iimoto zokugada zombane, iinqwelo zegalufa zombane, njl.
I-hardware ye-BMS esembindini inokwahlulwa kwiindawo ezine-voltage ephezulu kunye ne-low-voltage.Indawo enevoltage ephezulu inoxanduva lokuqokelela amandla ombane weseli enye, i-voltage yenkqubo iyonke, kunye nokubeka iliso ukumelana nokugquma.Ummandla we-low-voltage uquka iisekethe zokubonelela ngombane, iisekethe ze-CPU, iisekethe zonxibelelwano ze-CAN, iisekethe zokulawula, njalo njalo.
Njengoko inkqubo yebhetri yamandla ezithuthi zabakhweli iqhubeka nokuphuhla ukuya kumthamo ophezulu, uxinzelelo olupheleleyo olupheleleyo, kunye nomthamo omkhulu, i-architecture ye-BMS esasazwayo isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-plug-in hybrid kunye nemodeli yemoto yombane ecocekileyo.
I-BMS esasazwayo
Okwangoku, kukho amagama ahlukeneyo okusasazwa kwe-BMS kwishishini, kwaye iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zinamagama ahlukeneyo.Ibhetri yamandla ye-BMS ubukhulu becala ine-master-slave-lave-tier architecture:
I-BMS yokugcina amandla idla ngokuba yi-architecture ye-three-tier ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bebhetri yepakethe, kunye ne-master control layer ngaphezu kwekhoboka kunye nemigangatho yolawulo oluphambili.
Kanye njengeebhetri zenza amaqela ebhetri, athi wona enze izitaki, i-BMS yamanqanaba amathathu ikwalandela lo mgaqo ungasentla:
Ukusuka kulawulo: iyunithi yokulawula ibhetri (BMU), eqokelela ulwazi kwiibhetri zomntu ngamnye.
Jonga umbane kunye nobushushu bebhetri yeseli
Ukulinganisa ibhetri kwiphakheji
Ukufakwa kolwazi
ulawulo lobushushu
Isivusi esingaqhelekanga
Ulawulo oluphambili: Iyunithi yolawulo lweqela lebhetri: I-BCU (iyunithi yeqela lebhetri, eyaziwa ngokuba yiyunithi yolawulo lombane ophezulu we-HVU, i-BCMU, njl.), inoxanduva lokuqokelela ulwazi lwe-BMU kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi lweqela lebhetri.
Ukufunyanwa kweqela langoku lebhetri, ukufunyanwa kombane opheleleyo, ukufunyanwa kokuvuza
Ukhuseleko lokucima xa imeko yebhetri ingaqhelekanga
Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwe-BMS, ukulinganisa umthamo kunye nokulinganisa kwe-SOC kunokugqitywa ngokwahlukileyo njengesiseko solawulo olulandelayo lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa.
Iyunithi yolawulo loluhlu lwebhetri (BAU) inoxanduva lolawulo oluphakathi kweebhetri kuzo zonke izitaki zebhetri yokugcina amandla.Idibanisa kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lweqela lebhetri kunye notshintshiselwano ngolwazi kunye nezinye izixhobo ukubonelela ngempendulo kwimeko yokusebenza kwebhetri.
Ukutshaja nokukhupha ulawulo lwebhetri
Inkqubo ye-BMS yokuzijonga kunye ne-alarm yokuxilongwa kwempazamo
I-alarm yokuxilonga ipakethe yebhetri
Ukhuseleko lokhuseleko kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezingaqhelekanga kunye neziphene kuluhlu lwebhetri
Nxibelelana nezinye izixhobo ezifana ne-PCS kunye ne-EMS
Ukugcinwa kwedatha, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokulungiswa
Umaleko wolawulo lwebhetri: uxanduva lokuqokelela ulwazi olwahlukeneyo (i-voltage, ubushushu) beebhetri zomntu ngamnye, ukubala kunye nokuhlalutya i-SOC kunye ne-SOH yeebhetri, ukuphumeza ukulingana okusebenzayo kweebhetri zomntu ngamnye, kunye nokulayisha ulwazi olungaqhelekanga lweebhetri zomntu ngamnye kwi-betri pack unit layer BCMU.Ngonxibelelwano lwangaphandle lwe-CAN, ludityaniswa ngetyathanga ledaisy.
Umaleko wolawulo lwebhetri: unoxanduva lokuqokelela ulwazi olwahlukeneyo kwiibhetri ezilayishwe yi-BMU, ukuqokelela ulwazi olwahlukeneyo malunga nepakethi yebhetri (iipakethi yombane, ubushushu bepakethi), ukutshaja kwebhetri kunye nokukhupha imisinga, ukubala kunye nokuhlalutya i-SOC kunye ne-SOH yepakethe yebhetri. , kunye nokufaka lonke ulwazi kwiyunithi yeqela lebhetri ye-BAMS.Ngonxibelelwano lwangaphandle lwe-CAN, ludityaniswa ngetyathanga ledaisy.
Umaleko wolawulo lweqela lebhetri: unoxanduva lokuqokelela iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ezifakwe yi-BCMU kunye nokulayisha lonke ulwazi kwi-EMS inkqubo yokubeka iliso yokugcina amandla nge-interface ye-RJ45;ukunxibelelana ne-PCS ukuthumela ulwazi olungafanelekanga olufanelekileyo lwebhetri kwi-PCS (CAN okanye ujongano lweRS485), kwaye ixhotyiswe ngehardware node ezomileyo zokunxibelelana nePCS.Ukongezelela, yenza inkqubo yebhetri ye-BSE (iBattery State Estimate) yokuvavanya, ukufumanisa isimo sombane, ukulawulwa koqhagamshelwano, ulawulo lwe-thermal, ukulawulwa kokusebenza, ulawulo lokutshaja, ulawulo lokuxilonga, kunye nokwenza ulawulo lwenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nangaphandle.Unxibelelana nabaphantsi nge-CAN.
3) Yenza ntoni i-BMS?
Imisebenzi ye-BMS mininzi, kodwa undoqo kunye neyona nto siyixhalabele kakhulu yimiba emithathu:
Enye kukuva (ulawulo lukarhulumente), olungumsebenzi osisiseko we-BMS.Ilinganisa amandla ombane, ukuxhathisa, ubushushu, kwaye ekugqibeleni iyasiva imeko yebhetri.Sifuna ukwazi ukuba injani na imeko yebhetri, mangakanani amandla kunye namandla enawo, isempilweni kangakanani, ivelisa amandla angakanani, kwaye ikhuseleke kangakanani na.Oku kukuva.
Okwesibini lulawulo (balance management).Abanye abantu bathi iBMS yinanny yebhetri.Emva koko le nanny kufuneka ilawule.Ukulawula ntoni?Kukwenza ibhetri ibengcono kangangoko.Eyona nto isisiseko kulawulo lokulinganisela kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal.
Okwesithathu lukhuselo (ulawulo lokhuseleko).Nanny inomsebenzi ekufuneka yenze.Ukuba ibhetri inesimo esithile, kufuneka ikhuselwe kwaye i-alam kufuneka iphakanyiswe.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho kwakhona icandelo lolawulo lonxibelelwano oludlulisela idatha ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo ngokusebenzisa iiprothokholi ezithile.
I-BMS ineminye imisebenzi emininzi, efana nolawulo lokusebenza, ukubeka iliso kwi-insulation, ulawulo lwe-thermal, njl., ezingaxoxwanga apha.
3.1 Ingqiqo – Umlinganiselo kunye noQikelo
Umsebenzi osisiseko we-BMS kukulinganisa kunye nokuqikelela iiparitha zebhetri, kubandakanywa iiparamitha ezisisiseko ezifana nombane, okwangoku, ubushushu, kunye nombuso, kunye nokubalwa kwedatha yesimo sebhetri njenge-SOC kunye ne-SOH.Intsimi yeebhetri zamandla ikwabandakanya izibalo zeSOP (imeko yamandla) kunye ne-SOE (imeko yamandla), ezingaxutyushwanga apha.Siza kugxininisa kwiidatha ezimbini zokuqala ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Umlinganiselo weseli
I-1) Umlinganiselo wolwazi olusisiseko: Owona msebenzi usisiseko wenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri kukulinganisa amandla ombane, okwangoku, kunye nobushushu beeseli zebhetri nganye, esisiseko sazo zonke izibalo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nengqiqo yolawulo kwinkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri.
I-2) Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-insulation: Uvavanyo lwe-insulation luyafuneka kuyo yonke inkqubo yebhetri kunye ne-high-voltage system ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri.
I-3) Ukufumanisa i-high-voltage interlock (HVIL): isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwayo yonke inkqubo ye-high-voltage kwaye iqalise amanyathelo okhuseleko xa ukunyaniseka kwe-high-voltage system loop iphazamiseka.
SOC ukubala
I-SOC ibhekisa kwiState of Charge, esisisikhundla esishiyekileyo sebhetri.Ukubeka nje ngokulula, kukuba mangaphi amandla asele ebhetri.
I-SOC yeyona parameter ibalulekileyo kwi-BMS, njengoko yonke enye into isekwe kuyo.Ke ngoko, ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nokomelela kwayo (ekwabizwa ngokuba kukukwazi ukulungisa iimpazamo) kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngaphandle kwe-SOC echanekileyo, akukho msebenzi wokukhusela onokwenza i-BMS isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko ibhetri iya kuhlala ikwimeko ekhuselekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.
Okwangoku, iindlela zoqikelelo ze-SOC eziphambili ziquka indlela yombane ovulekileyo, indlela yokudibanisa yangoku, indlela yokucoca i-Kalman, kunye nendlela yenethiwekhi ye-neural.Iindlela ezimbini zokuqala zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ezi ndlela zimbini zokugqibela zibandakanya ulwazi oluphambili olufana neemodeli zokudibanisa kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ezingachazwanga apha.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ii-algorithms ezininzi zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa i-algorithms ezamkelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri.
indlela yombane wesiphaluka evulekileyo
Umgaqo wendlela yamandla ombane ovulelekileyo kukusebenzisa unxulumano oluzinzileyo olusebenzayo phakathi kombane ovulekileyo wesekethe kunye ne-SOC phantsi kwemeko yokubeka ibhetri ixesha elide, kwaye ke uqikelele i-SOC ngokusekwe kumbane ovulekileyo wesekethe.Ibhayisekile yombane yelead-asidi ebisetyenziswa ngaphambili isebenzisa le ndlela ukuqikelela iSOC.Indlela yamandla ombane evulekileyo ilula kwaye ifanelekile, kodwa kukwakho nezinto ezininzi ezingeloncedo:
1. Ibhetri kufuneka ishiywe ime ixesha elide, ngaphandle koko i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo iya kuba nzima ukuzinzisa ngexesha elifutshane;
2. Kukho i-voltage plateau kwiibhetri, ngokukodwa iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, apho i-terminal voltage kunye ne-SOC curve iphantse i-linear ngexesha loluhlu lwe-SOC30% -80%;
3. Ibhetri ikwiqondo lokushisa elihlukeneyo okanye izigaba ezahlukeneyo zobomi, kwaye nangona i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo iyafana, umahluko we-SOC wangempela unokuba mkhulu;
Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi, xa sisebenzisa le bhayisekile yombane, ukuba i-SOC yangoku iboniswa njenge-100%, i-voltage yehla xa ikhawuleza, kwaye amandla angabonakaliswa njenge-80%.Xa siyeka ukukhawuleza, i-voltage iphakama, kwaye amandla abuyele kwi-100%.Ke ngoko isibonisi samandla sesithuthuthu sombane asichanekanga.Xa simisa, inamandla, kodwa xa siqala phezulu, iphelelwa ngamandla.Oku kusenokungabi yingxaki ngebhetri, kodwa kusenokuba kungenxa ye-algorithm ye-SoC ye-BMS ilula kakhulu.
An-Shi indlela ebalulekileyo
Indlela yokudibanisa i-Anshicontinuous ibala ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso le-SOC ngexesha langempela ngenkcazo ye-SOC.
Ukunikezelwa kwexabiso lokuqala le-SOC, ngokude nje ukuba ibhetri yangoku inokulinganiswa (apho ukukhutshwa kwangoku kulungile), utshintsho kumandla ebhetri lunokubalwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokudityaniswa kwangoku, okubangela i-SOC eseleyo.
Le ndlela ineziphumo zoqikelelo oluthembekileyo ngokwentelekiso ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa ngenxa yeempazamo zokulinganisa inzwa yangoku kunye nokuthotywa ngokuthe ngcembe komthamo webhetri, ukudityaniswa kwexesha elide kwangoku kuya kwazisa ukutenxa okuthile.Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokudityaniswa nendlela yombane ovulelekileyo ukuqikelela ixabiso lokuqala loqikelelo lwe-SOC kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo zokuchaneka okuphantsi, kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-Kalman yokucoca indlela yokuqikelela kwe-SOC yexesha elifutshane.
I-SOC (iState of Charge) yeye-algorithm yolawulo olungundoqo lwe-BMS, emele ubume obukhoyo obukhoyo.Ifumaneka ikakhulu ngendlela yokudibanisa iyure ye-ampere kunye ne-EKF (Isihluzo se-Kalman Eyongeziweyo) i-algorithm, idityaniswe nezicwangciso zokulungisa (ezifana nokulungiswa kombane ovulekileyo, ukulungiswa kwentlawulo epheleleyo, ukulungiswa kokuphela kokutshaja, ukulungiswa kwamandla phantsi kobushushu obuhlukeneyo kunye ne-SOH, njl.).Indlela yokudibanisa iyure ye-ampere inokwethenjelwa phantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokufunyanwa kwangoku, kodwa ayinamandla.Ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kweempazamo, kufuneka kudityaniswe neendlela zokulungisa.Indlela ye-EKF yomelele kodwa i-algorithm inzima kwaye kunzima ukuyiphumeza.Abavelisi abaqhelekileyo basekhaya banokufikelela ukuchaneka okungaphantsi kwe-6% kwiqondo lokushisa, kodwa ukuqikelela kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye naphantsi kunye nokunciphisa ibhetri kunzima.
Ulungiso lwe-SOC
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwangoku, i-SOC eqikelelwayo isenokungachanekanga, kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa kufuneka zibandakanywe kwinkqubo yoqikelelo.
SOH ukubala
I-SOH ibhekisela kwi-State of Health, ebonisa imeko yempilo yangoku yebhetri (okanye iqondo lokuthotywa kwebhetri).Ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe njengexabiso phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-100%, kunye namaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-80% ngokubanzi abonwa njengebonisa ukuba ibhetri ayisasebenzi.Inokumelwa ngotshintsho kumthamo webhetri okanye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi.Xa usebenzisa umthamo, umthamo wangempela webhetri yangoku uqikelelwa ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwebhetri, kwaye umlinganiselo wale nto ukuya kumthamo olinganisiweyo yi-SOH.I-SOH echanekileyo iya kuphucula ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwezinye iimodyuli xa ibhetri ihla.
Kukho iinkcazo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-SOH kwishishini:
Inkcazo ye-SOH esekwe phezu kokuphelelwa amandla
Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwebhetri ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwanda, kunye nokubola kwamandla.Ke ngoko, i-SOH inokuqikelelwa ngamandla ebhetri.Ubume bempilo yebhetri buchazwa njengobungakanani bomthamo wangoku kumthamo wokuqala, kwaye i-SOH yayo ichazwa njenge:
SOH=(C_standard-C_fade)/C_standard ×100%
Apho: C_fade ngumthamo olahlekileyo webhetri;C_standard ngumthamo oqhelekileyo.
Umgangatho we-IEEE 1188-1996 umisela ukuba xa umthamo webhetri yamandla wehla ukuya kuma-80%, ibhetri kufuneka itshintshwe.Ngoko ke, sihlala sicinga ukuba ibhetri ye-SOH ayifumaneki xa ingaphantsi kwe-80%.
Inkcazo ye-SOH esekwe kunciphiso lwamandla (Amandla aFade)
Ukuguga phantse zonke iintlobo zeebhetri kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri.Ukuphakama kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, amandla akhoyo asezantsi.Ke ngoko, i-SOH inokuqikelelwa kusetyenziswa ukuthomalalisa amandla.
3.2 Ulawulo – Iteknoloji eBalanced
Ibhetri nganye inobuntu bayo
Ukuthetha ngokulinganisela, kufuneka siqale ngeebhetri.Nokuba iibhetri eziveliswe kwibhetshi enye ngumenzi ofanayo zinemijikelo yobomi bazo kunye "nobuntu" - umthamo webhetri nganye awunakufana ncam.Kukho izizathu ezibini zokungangqinelani:
Enye kukungangqinelani kokuveliswa kweeseli
Enye kukungahambelani kwee-electrochemical reactions.
ukungangqinelani kwemveliso
Ukungahambelani kwemveliso kulula ukuyiqonda.Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukungahambelani kwe-diaphragm kunye ne-cathode kunye ne-anode yezinto eziphathekayo zingabangela ukungahambi kakuhle kwamandla ebhetri.Ibhetri esemgangathweni ye-50AH inokuba yi-49AH okanye i-51AH.
ukungangqinelani kwe-electrochemical
Ukungahambelani kwe-electrochemistry kukuba kwinkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri kunye nokukhupha, nokuba ukuveliswa kunye nokulungiswa kweeseli ezimbini ziyafana, indawo yokushisa ayinakuze ihambelane kwinkqubo ye-electrochemical reaction.Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza iimodyuli zebhetri, ubushushu bendandatho ejikelezileyo kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kunobuphakathi.Oku kubangela ukungahambelani kwexesha elide phakathi kokuhlawula kunye nokukhupha iimali, ezikhokelela ekungahambelani kwamandla ebhetri;Xa ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha imisinga yefilimu ye-SEI kwiseli yebhetri ayihambelani ixesha elide, ukuguga kwefilimu ye-SEI kuya kuhambelana.
* Ifilimu ye-SEI: "i-solid electrolyte interface" (ujongano oluqinileyo lwe-electrolyte).Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha intlawulo yokuqala yebhetri ye-lithium ion, izinto ze-electrode zisabela kunye ne-electrolyte kujongano lwesigaba esilulwelo ukwenza umaleko wokudlula ogqume umphezulu wezinto ze-electrode.Ifilimu ye-SEI yi-insulator ye-elektroniki kodwa i-conductor egqwesileyo ye-lithium ion, engakhuseli kuphela i-electrode kodwa ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwebhetri.Ukuguga kwefilimu ye-SEI kunempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yebhetri.
Ngoko ke, ukungafani (okanye ukungafani) kweepakethi zebhetri kubonakaliso olungenakuphepheka lokusebenza kwebhetri.
Kutheni kufuneka ulungelelwano
Iibhetri zahlukile, ngoko kutheni ungazami ukuzenza zifane?Ngenxa yokuba ukungahambisani kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwebhetri yepakethe.
Ibhetri yokupakisha kwichungechunge ilandela umphumo we-barrel emfutshane: kwinkqubo yokupakisha ibhetri kwichungechunge, umthamo wenkqubo yokupakisha ibhetri yonke inqunywe yiyunithi encinci enye.
Masithi sinebhetri equlathe iibhetri ezintathu:
Ndiyazi ukuba ukutshaja ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokukhupha ngokugqithisileyo kunokonakalisa kakhulu iibhetri.Ngoko ke, xa ibhetri B ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokutshaja okanye xa i-SoC yebhetri B iphantsi kakhulu ngexesha lokukhupha, kuyimfuneko ukuyeka ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ukukhusela ibhetri B. Ngenxa yoko, amandla ebhetri A kunye no-C awakwazi ngokupheleleyo. isetyenzisiwe.Oku kukhokelela ekubeni:
Umthamo wangempela osebenzisekayo wepakethi yebhetri unciphile: Ibhetri A kunye neC, enokuthi isebenzise umthamo okhoyo, ngoku ayikwazi ukwenza oko ukwenzela ukuba ifake ibhetri B. Kufana nabantu ababini kwimilenze emithathu eboshwe kunye, kunye ne umntu omde akakwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo amakhulu.
Ubomi bebhetri obuncitshisiweyo: Ubude obuncinci bokuhamba bufuna amanyathelo amaninzi kwaye yenza imilenze idinwe.Ngomthamo oncitshisiweyo, inani leentlawulo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha liyenyuka, okukhokelela ekuhlahleni okukhulu kwebhetri.Ngokomzekelo, iseli enye inokufezekisa imijikelezo ye-4000 kwi-100% ye-DoD, kodwa ekusebenziseni okwenyani ayikwazi ukufikelela kwi-100% kwaye inani lemijikelezo ngokuqinisekileyo aliyi kufikelela kwi-4000.
* I-DoD, Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa, imele ipesenti yomthamo wokukhupha ibhetri kumthamo olinganisiweyo webhetri.
Ukungahambelani kweebhetri kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwebhetri.Xa ubungakanani bemodyuli yebhetri bukhulu, iintambo ezininzi zeebhetri zixhunyiwe kuchungechunge, kwaye umehluko omkhulu wevoltage omnye uya kubangela ukuba umthamo webhokisi yonke unciphise.Okukhona iibhetri eziqhagamshelwe kuthotho, kokukhona zilahlekelwa ngumthamo.Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo zethu, ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla, kukho iimfuno ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
Eyokuqala ibhetri yobomi obude, enokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ineemfuno eziphezulu zobomi bebhetri.Uninzi lwasekhaya lwenzelwe iminyaka eyi-15.Ukuba sithatha imijikelo engama-300 ngonyaka, iminyaka eyi-15 yimijikelo engama-4500, isephezulu kakhulu.Kufuneka sikhulise ubomi bebhetri nganye ukuze ubomi bebhetri buphelele bufikelele kubomi boyilo kangangoko sinakho, kwaye sinciphise ifuthe lokusasazwa kwebhetri kubomi bepakethi yebhetri.
Umjikelo wesibini onzulu, ngokukodwa kwimeko yesicelo se-peak shaving, ukukhulula i-kWh enye yombane kuya kuzisa enye inqaku lengeniso.Oko kukuthi, siya kwenza 80% DoD okanye 90% DoD.Xa umjikelezo onzulu usetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla, ukusabalalisa kwebhetri ngexesha lokukhutshwa komsila kuya kubonakala.Ke ngoko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo komthamo weseli nganye phantsi kwemeko yokutshaja okunzulu kunye nokukhutshwa okunzulu, kuyafuneka ukuba i-BMS yokugcina amandla ibe namandla okulawula ukulingana okunamandla kwaye icinezele ukwenzeka kokungaguquguquki phakathi kweeseli zebhetri. .
Ezi mfuno zimbini zichasene ngqo nokungahambelani kwebhetri.Ukufezekisa usetyenziso lwebhetri olusebenzayo, kufuneka sibe nobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa obusebenzayo ukunciphisa ifuthe lokungangqinelani kwebhetri.
iteknoloji yokulinganisa
Itekhnoloji yokulinganisa ibhetri yindlela yokwenza iibhetri ezinomthamo ohlukeneyo zifane.Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa: ukuchithwa kwamandla ngokulinganayo unidirectional (ukulinganisa ukulinganisa) kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla okulinganayo kwe-bidirectional (ukulinganisa okusebenzayo).
(1) Ukulungelelana
Umgaqo wokulinganisa okwenziwayo kukuhambelana nesixhasi sokukhupha esitshintshekayo kumtya ngamnye weebhetri.I-BMS ilawula isixhasi sokukhupha ukukhupha iiseli zombane eziphezulu, ukulahla amandla ombane njengobushushu.Umzekelo, xa ibhetri B iphantse yatshajwa, iswitshi iyavulwa ukuvumela isixhasi kwibhetri B ukuba sichithe amandla ombane agqithisileyo njengobushushu.Emva koko ukutshaja kuyaqhubeka de iibhetri A kunye no-C nazo zitshajwe ngokupheleleyo.
Le ndlela inokukhupha kuphela iiseli ze-voltage ephezulu, kwaye ayikwazi ukutshaja iiseli ezinomthamo ophantsi.Ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla okuxhatshazwa kokukhutshwa, ukulinganisa okwangoku kuncinci (ngaphantsi kwe-1A).
Iingenelo zokulinganisa i-passive zixabiso eliphantsi kunye noyilo lwesekethe olulula;izinto ezingeloncedo kukuba isekwe kweyona ndawo isezantsi ishiyekileyo ibhetri yokulinganisa, engenako ukwandisa umthamo weebhetri ezinomthamo ophantsi oseleyo, kwaye i-100% yamandla alinganayo achithwa ngendlela yobushushu.
(2) Ukulungelelana okusebenzayo
Ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms, iintambo ezininzi zeebhetri zidlulisela amandla eeseli eziphezulu ze-voltage kwiiseli eziphantsi-voltage usebenzisa amacandelo okugcina amandla, ukukhupha iibhetri eziphezulu ze-voltage kunye nokusebenzisa amandla akhululwe ukuhlawulisa iiseli ze-voltage ezisezantsi.Amandla agqithiselwa kakhulu kunokuba achithe.
Ngale ndlela, ngexesha lokutshaja, ibhetri B, efikelela kwi-100% yombane kuqala, ikhupha kwi-A kunye ne-C, kwaye iibhetri ezintathu zihlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo kunye.Ngexesha lokukhutshwa, xa intlawulo eseleyo yebhetri B iphantsi kakhulu, i-A kunye ne-C "itshaja" B, ukuze iseli B ingafikeleli kumda we-SOC wokuyeka ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeteknoloji yokulinganisa esebenzayo
(1) Ukulinganisa amandla ombane aphezulu kunye aphantsi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepakethi yebhetri: Ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kunye nokuphumla, iibhetri eziphezulu zombane zinokukhutshwa kwaye iibhetri eziphantsi-voltage zingatshajwa;
(2) Ilahleko ephantsi yokuhanjiswa kwamandla: amandla agqithiselwa ubukhulu becala kunokuba alahleke nje, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla;
(3) I-equilibrium current enkulu: Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-equilib current current iphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-10A, kwaye ukulingana kukhawuleza;
Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kufuna ukucwangciswa kweesekethe ezihambelanayo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina amandla, okukhokelela kumthamo omkhulu kunye neendleko ezongeziweyo.Le miqathango mibini kunye imisela ukuba ukulingana okusebenzayo akukho lula ukuba kukhuthazwe kwaye kusetyenziswe.
Ukongeza, inkqubo yokutshaja yokulinganisa esebenzayo kunye nokukhupha ngokungacacanga yandisa ubomi bomjikelezo webhetri.Kwiiseli ezifuna ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa ukuze kufezekiswe ibhalansi, umthwalo owongezelelweyo womsebenzi unokubangela ukuba badlule ukuguga kweeseli eziqhelekileyo, okukhokelela kwisithuba esikhulu sokusebenza kunye nezinye iiseli.
Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba amagama amabini angasentla kufuneka ahambelane ne-dissipative equilibrium kunye ne-non-dissipative equilibrium.Ukuba iyasebenza okanye i-passive kufuneka ixhomekeke kwisiganeko esibangela inkqubo yokulinganisa.Ukuba inkqubo ifikelela kwimo apho kufuneka ukuba ibeyi-passive, iyenziwa.Ukuba ibekwe ngabantu, ukuseta inkqubo yokulinganisa xa kungadingekiyo ukuba kulinganiswe kubizwa ngokuba yi-active equilibrium.
Ngokomzekelo, xa ukukhutshwa kusekupheleni, iseli ye-voltage ephantsi ifikelele kwi-voltage cut-off yokukhupha, ngelixa ezinye iiseli zisenamandla.Ngeli xesha, ukwenzela ukukhupha umbane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, inkqubo idlulisela umbane weeseli eziphezulu zamandla kwiiseli zamandla aphantsi, okuvumela ukuba inkqubo yokukhupha iqhubeke kuze kube yilapho onke amandla ekhutshwa.Le yinkqubo yokulinganisa ukulinganisa.Ukuba inkqubo iqikelela ukuba kuya kubakho ukungalingani ekupheleni kokukhutshwa xa kusekho i-40% yamandla asele, iya kuqalisa inkqubo yokulinganisa esebenzayo.
Ukulingana okusebenzayo kwahlulwe ngokweendlela ezibekwe kwindawo esembindini kunye nezakwabelwa amagunya.Indlela yokulinganisa esembindini ifumana amandla kwipakethi yebhetri iyonke, kwaye emva koko isebenzisa isixhobo sokuguqula amandla ukongeza amandla kwiibhetri ezinamandla amancinci.I-equalization ye-decentralized ibandakanya ikhonkco lokugcina amandla phakathi kweebhetri ezikufutshane, ezinokuthi zibe yi-inductor okanye i-capacitor, evumela amandla ukuba ahambe phakathi kweebhetri ezikufutshane.
Kwisicwangciso sokulawula ibhalansi yangoku, kukho abo bathatha i-voltage yeseli njengeparameter ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye kukho nabo bacebisa ukusebenzisa i-SOC njengepharamitha ejoliswe kuyo yokulawula ukulinganisela.Ukuthatha amandla ombane weseli njengomzekelo.
Okokuqala, seta iperi yamaxabiso embundwini wokuqalisa nokuphelisa ukulingana: umzekelo, kwiseti yeebhetri, xa umahluko phakathi kombane ogqithisileyo weseli enye kunye nombane ophakathi wesethi ufikelela kwi-50mV, ukulinganisa kuqalisiwe, kwaye xa ifikelela kwi-5mV, ukulinganisa kuphelile.
I-BMS iqokelela i-voltage yeseli nganye ngokomjikelo omiselweyo wokufumana, ibala ixabiso eliphakathi, ize ibale umahluko phakathi kombane weseli nganye kunye nexabiso eliphakathi;
Ukuba umahluko omkhulu ufikelela kwi-50mV, i-BMS kufuneka iqalise inkqubo yokulinganisa;
Qhubeka inyathelo lesi-2 ngexesha lenkqubo yokulinganisa de amaxabiso omahluko abe ngaphantsi kwe-5mV, kwaye emva koko uphelise ukulingana.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo zonke ii-BMS ezifuna eli nyathelo, kwaye izicwangciso ezilandelayo zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokulinganisa.
Itekhnoloji yebhalansi nayo inxulumene nohlobo lwebhetri.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba i-LFP ifaneleka ngakumbi kwibhalansi esebenzayo, ngelixa iibhetri ze-ternary zifanelekile kwi-balance balance.
Inqanaba lokhuphiswano olunzulu kwi-BMS luxhaswa kakhulu yindleko kunye nokuthembeka.Okwangoku, ukuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lokulinganisa okusebenzayo akukaphunyezwa.Inqanaba lokhuseleko olusebenzayo lilindeleke ukuba liye kwi-ASIL-C kunye ne-ASIL-D, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.Ke ngoko, iinkampani ezinkulu zangoku zilumkile malunga nophando olusebenzayo lokulinganisa.Ezinye iifektri ezinkulu zide zifune ukurhoxisa imodyuli yokulinganisa kwaye yonke ibhalansi yenziwe ngaphandle, efana nokugcinwa kwezithuthi zamafutha.Ngalo lonke ixesha isithuthi sihamba umgama othile, siya kwivenkile ye-4S yokulinganisa kwangaphandle.Oku kuya kunciphisa iindleko ze-BMS yesithuthi siphela kwaye kuzuze ivenkile ye-4S ehambelana nayo.Yimeko yokuphumelela kuwo onke amaqela.Ke ngoko, ngokobuqu, ndiyaqonda ukuba oku kunokuba ngumkhwa!
3.3 Ukhuseleko – ukuxilongwa kweziphene kunye ne-alam
Ukujongwa kwe-BMS kuhambelana ne-hardware yenkqubo yombane, kwaye ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo angaphumeleli (ukungaphumeleli okuncinci, ukungaphumeleli okukhulu, ukungaphumeleli okubulalayo) ngokweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo zebhetri.Amanyathelo okuphatha ahlukeneyo athathwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo angaphumeleli: isilumkiso, ukunciphisa amandla okanye ukunqunyulwa kwe-high-voltage ngqo.Ukungaphumeleli kubandakanya ukufumana idatha kunye nokungaphumeleli kwengqiqo, ukungaphumeleli kombane (iinzwa kunye ne-actuator), ukungaphumeleli konxibelelwano, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwesimo sebhetri.
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo xa ibhetri igqithisa, i-BMS inquma ukuba ibhetri iyatshisa ngokusekwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliqokelelweyo, emva koko lilawula isiphaluka sale bhetri ukuqhawula, ukwenza ukhuseleko lokufudumala, kwaye ithumele isilumkiso kwiinkqubo zokulawula ezifana ne-EMS.
3.4 Unxibelelwano
Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-BMS akunakuhlukaniswa nomsebenzi wayo wonxibelelwano.Nokuba kukulawula ibhetri ngexesha lolawulo lwebhetri, ukuthumela imeko yebhetri kwilizwe langaphandle, okanye ukufumana imiyalelo yolawulo, unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo luyafuneka.
Kwinkqubo yebhetri yamandla, isiphelo esinye se-BMS sixhunyiwe kwibhetri, kwaye esinye isiphelo sixhunyiwe kulawulo kunye neenkqubo zombane zesithuthi sonke.Imo engqongileyo jikelele isebenzisa i-CAN protocol, kodwa kukho ulwahlulo phakathi kokusebenzisa i-CAN yangaphakathi phakathi kwamacandelo angaphakathi ebhetri kunye nokusebenzisa i-CAN yesithuthi phakathi kwebhetri yepakethi kunye nesithuthi sonke.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-BMS yokugcina amandla kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lusebenzisa ngokusisiseko i-CAN protocol, kodwa unxibelelwano lwangaphandle (olungaphandle lubhekiselele kwisikhululo samandla samandla okuhambisa i-PCS) ihlala isebenzisa iifomathi zeprotocol ye-Intanethi ye-TCP / IP protocol kunye neprotocol ye-modbus.
4) I-BMS yokugcina amandla
Ugcino lwamandla abavelisi be-BMS ngokubanzi bavela kwi-BMS yebhetri yamandla, uninzi loyilo kunye namagama anemvelaphi yembali
Ngokomzekelo, ibhetri yamandla ihlukaniswe ngokubanzi kwi-BMU (iYunithi yeBattery Monitor) kunye ne-BCU (iyunithi yokulawula ibhetri), kunye nedatha yokuqokelela yangaphambili kunye neyokugqibela ukuyilawula.
Ngenxa yokuba iseli yebhetri yinkqubo ye-electrochemical, iiseli ezininzi zebhetri zenza ibhetri.Ngenxa yeempawu zebhetri nganye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ichaneke kangakanani na inkqubo yokuvelisa, kuya kubakho iimpazamo kunye nokungahambelani kwiseli nganye yebhetri ngexesha kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimeko.Ke ngoko, inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri kukuvavanya imeko yangoku yebhetri ngeeparamitha ezilinganiselweyo, nto leyo ifana nogqirha weyeza laseTshayina elixilonga isigulane ngokujonga iimpawu kunokuba iyeza laseNtshona lifuna uhlalutyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.Uhlalutyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zomzimba womntu lufana neempawu ze-electrochemical zebhetri, ezinokulinganiswa ngezixhobo zokulinga ezinkulu.Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kwiinkqubo ezifakiweyo ukuvavanya ezinye izikhombisi ze-electrochemistry.Ke ngoko, i-BMS ifana nogqirha wamayeza wakudala waseTshayina.
4.1 Uyilo olunemigangatho emithathu yokugcina amandla e-BMS
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu leeseli zebhetri kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ukuze kugcinwe iindleko, i-BMS iphunyezwa ngokubanzi kwiileyile, ezinemigangatho emibini okanye emithathu.Okwangoku, i-mainstream inamaleko amathathu: ulawulo lwenkosi / ulawulo lwenkosi / ulawulo lwamakhoboka.
4.2 Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zogcino lwamandla e-BMS
5) Imeko yangoku kunye nekamva elizayo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zabavelisi abavelisa i-BMS:
Udidi lokuqala ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela onegunya elinamandla kwi-BMS yebhetri yamandla - iifektri zemoto.Enyanisweni, amandla okuvelisa i-BMS anamandla angaphandle kunye neefektri zeemoto, ezifana neGeneral Motors, Tesla, njl. Ekhaya, kukho i-BYD, i-Huating Power, njl.
Udidi lwesibini ziifektri zebhetri, kubandakanywa abavelisi beeseli kunye nabavelisi bepakethe, njenge-Samsung, i-Ningde Times, i-Xinwangda, i-Desay Battery, i-Topband Co., Ltd., i-Beijing Purrad, njl.;
Uhlobo lwesithathu lwabavelisi be-BMS ngabo baneminyaka emininzi yamava kubuchwephesha bamandla ombane, kwaye banamaqela e-R&D aneyunivesithi okanye imvelaphi yeshishini elinxulumeneyo, njenge-Eternal Electronics, i-Hangzhou Gaote Electronics, i-Xie Neng Technology, kunye ne-Kegong Electronics.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-BMS yeebhetri zamandla, eyona nto ilawulwa ngabavelisi bezithuthi ze-terminal, kubonakala ngathi abasebenzisi bokugqibela beebhetri zokugcina amandla abanayo imfuneko okanye izenzo ezithile zokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwe-BMS.Kwakhona akunakwenzeka ukuba baya kuchitha imali eninzi kunye namandla ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokulawula ibhetri enkulu.Ngoko ke, kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba i-BMS yokugcina amandla ibhetri imboni ayinayo umdlali obalulekileyo kunye neenzuzo ezipheleleyo, eshiya indawo enkulu yophuhliso kunye nokucinga kubavelisi beebhetri kunye nabathengisi abagxile kwi-BMS yokugcina amandla.Ukuba imarike yokugcina amandla isekiwe, iya kunika abavelisi beebhetri kunye nabavelisi be-BMS abaqeqeshiweyo indawo eninzi yophuhliso kunye nokuchasana okuncinci.
Okwangoku, bambalwa abavelisi be-BMS abaqeqeshiweyo abagxile kuphuhliso logcino lwamandla e-BMS, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba imarike yokugcina amandla isekwisiqalo kwaye kusekho amathandabuzo amaninzi malunga nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lokugcinwa kwamandla kwimarike.Ngoko ke, abaninzi abavelisi abazange baphuhlise i-BMS enxulumene nokugcinwa kwamandla.Kweyona ndawo yoshishino, kukwakho nabavelisi abathenga ibhetri yemoto yombane iBMS ukuze isetyenziswe njengeBMS yeebhetri zokugcina amandla.Kukholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo, abavelisi bezithuthi zombane abaqeqeshiweyo be-BMS nabo banokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yababoneleli be-BMS abasetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokugcina amandla.
Kweli nqanaba, kukho ukunqongophala kwemigangatho efanayo ye-BMS enikezelwa ngababoneleli benkqubo yokugcinwa kwamandla ahlukeneyo.Abavelisi abahlukeneyo baneendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcazo ze-BMS, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiibhetri ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana nazo, i-algorithm ye-SOX, iteknoloji yokulinganisa, kunye nomxholo wedatha yonxibelelwano elayishiweyo nayo ingahluka.Ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo kwe-BMS, ukungafani okunjalo kuya kwandisa iindleko zesicelo kwaye kube yingozi kuphuhliso lwamashishini.Ke ngoko, ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwe-BMS kuya kuba sisikhokelo sophuhliso esibalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-15-2024