Kudziwa ndi Kugwira Ntchito kwa Battery BMS, Chiyambi

Dzina lonse la BMS ndi Battery Management System.Ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayang'anira momwe mabatire amasungira mphamvu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mwanzeru ndikukonza ma cell a batri, kupewa kuchulukitsitsa ndi kutulutsa mabatire mochulukira, kukulitsa moyo wa batri, ndikuwunika momwe mabatire alili.Nthawi zambiri, BMS imayimiridwa ngati bolodi lozungulira kapena bokosi la hardware.

 

BMS ndi imodzi mwamagawo apakati amagetsi osungira mphamvu ya batri, omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira momwe batire iliyonse imagwirira ntchito mu batire yosungira mphamvu ya batri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo osungira mphamvu akugwira ntchito bwino komanso odalirika.BMS imatha kuyang'anira ndikusonkhanitsa magawo a batire yosungira mphamvu munthawi yeniyeni (kuphatikiza koma osangokhala ndi voliyumu ya cell imodzi, kutentha kwa batri, batri loop yapano, batri pack terminal voltage, batire system insulation resistance, etc.), ndi kusanthula kofunikira ndikuwerengera pazigawo zoyenera kuti mupeze zowunikira zambiri zadongosolo.Ikhozanso kukwaniritsa kulamulira kogwira mtima kwa batri yosungira mphamvu yokha molingana ndi njira zowonongeka zotetezera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yotetezeka ndi yodalirika ya batire yonse yosungirako mphamvu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, BMS ikhoza kuyanjana ndi zipangizo zina zakunja (PCS, EMS, chitetezo cha moto, ndi zina zotero) kupyolera mu mawonekedwe ake olankhulana ndi mawonekedwe a analogi / digito kuti apange mgwirizano wogwirizanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana mu mphamvu yonse yosungirako mphamvu. siteshoni, kuwonetsetsa kuti malo opangira magetsi akuyenda bwino, odalirika, komanso olumikizidwa bwino ndi gululi.

2) Zomangamanga

Kutengera kamangidwe ka topology, BMS imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: apakati ndikugawidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za polojekiti.

 

BMS yapakati

Mwachidule, BMS yapakati imagwiritsa ntchito hardware imodzi ya BMS kusonkhanitsa maselo onse, omwe ali oyenerera zochitika zokhala ndi maselo ochepa.

Centralized BMS ili ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika mtengo, kapangidwe ka compact, ndi kudalirika kwakukulu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazochitika zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, kutsika kwakukulu, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, monga zida zamagetsi, maloboti (ogwira ma robot, ma robot othandizira), Nyumba zanzeru za IOT (maloboti akusesa, zotsukira magetsi), ma forklift amagetsi, magalimoto otsika amagetsi (njinga zamagetsi, njinga zamoto zamagetsi, magalimoto owonera magetsi, magalimoto oyendera magetsi, ngolo za gofu zamagetsi, ndi zina), ndi magalimoto opepuka osakanizidwa.

Zida zapakati za BMS zitha kugawidwa m'malo othamanga kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri.Dera lamphamvu kwambiri limayang'anira kusonkhanitsa magetsi a cell imodzi, mphamvu yamagetsi yonse, ndikuwunika kukana kwa insulation.Malo otsika-voltage amaphatikizapo mabwalo opangira magetsi, ma CPU, mabwalo olumikizirana a CAN, mabwalo owongolera, ndi zina zotero.

Pamene dongosolo la batri lamagetsi la magalimoto onyamula anthu likupitilira kukula, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu, zomangamanga za BMS zomwe zimagawidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagalimoto ophatikizika ndi ma plug-in hybrid komanso magalimoto amagetsi.

BMS yogawidwa

Pakalipano, pali mawu osiyanasiyana a BMS yogawidwa m'makampani, ndipo makampani osiyanasiyana ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana.Batire yamphamvu ya BMS nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zomangamanga zamagulu awiri:

 

BMS yosungirako mphamvu nthawi zambiri imakhala yomanga katatu chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa paketi ya batri, yokhala ndi chiwongolero chowongolera pamwamba pa kapolo ndi zigawo zazikulu zolamulira.

Monga momwe mabatire amapangira magulu a batri, omwe nawonso amapanga masiketi, BMS yamagulu atatu imatsatiranso lamulo lokwera lomweli:

Kuchokera paulamuliro: unit yoyang'anira batri (BMU), yomwe imasonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera kumabatire amodzi.

Yang'anirani mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kutentha kwa cell ya batri

Kufanana kwa batri mu phukusi

Kukweza zambiri

kasamalidwe ka kutentha

Alamu yachilendo

Master control: Battery cluster management unit: BCU (battery cluster unit, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti high voltage management unit HVU, BCMU, etc.), yomwe imayang'anira kusonkhanitsa zambiri za BMU ndikusonkhanitsa zambiri zamagulu a batri.

Kupezeka kwa batri pakalipano, kupeza mphamvu zonse, kuzindikira kutayikira

Chitetezo chozimitsa pomwe batire ili yolakwika

Pansi pa kasamalidwe ka BMS, kuwerengetsa mphamvu ndi kuwongolera kwa SOC kumatha kumalizidwa padera ngati maziko a kasamalidwe kotsatsira ndi kutulutsa.

Battery array management unit (BAU) ndiyomwe imayang'anira mabatire apakati pa batire yonse yosungira mphamvu.Imalumikizana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana owongolera magulu a batri ndikusinthanitsa zidziwitso ndi zida zina kuti ipereke ndemanga pamayendedwe a batire.

Kuwongolera ndi kutulutsa kasamalidwe ka batri

BMS yodziyang'anira yokha ndi alamu yozindikira zolakwika

Alamu yozindikira vuto la paketi ya batri

Chitetezo chachitetezo chazovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi zolakwika mu gulu la batri

Lumikizanani ndi zida zina monga PCS ndi EMS

Kusungirako deta, kutumiza ndi kukonza

Battery management layer: udindo wosonkhanitsa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana (voltage, kutentha) kwa mabatire pawokha, kuwerengera ndi kusanthula mabatire a SOC ndi SOH, kukwaniritsa kufananiza kwa mabatire pawokha, ndikuyika zidziwitso zachilendo za mabatire pawokha pagawo la BCMU.Kupyolera mu kulumikizana kwa kunja kwa CAN, imalumikizidwa kudzera mu unyolo wa daisy.

Sanjiri yoyang'anira mabatire: yomwe imayang'anira kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mabatire omwe adakwezedwa ndi BMU, kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana za paketi ya batri (paketi yamagetsi, kutentha kwa paketi), kulipiritsa batire ndikutulutsa mafunde, kuwerengera ndi kusanthula SOC ndi SOH ya batire paketi. , ndikukweza zidziwitso zonse pagawo la batri cluster unit BAMS.Kupyolera mu kulumikizana kwa kunja kwa CAN, imalumikizidwa kudzera mu unyolo wa daisy.

Wosanjikiza kasamalidwe ka batri: ali ndi udindo wosonkhanitsa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana za batri zomwe zidakwezedwa ndi BCMU ndikuyika zidziwitso zonse ku dongosolo la EMS loyang'anira kusungirako mphamvu kudzera pa mawonekedwe a RJ45;kuyankhulana ndi PCS kutumiza zidziwitso zachilendo za batri ku PCS (CAN kapena RS485 mawonekedwe), komanso yokhala ndi zida zowuma zolumikizirana ndi PCS.Kuphatikiza apo, imachita kuwunika kwa batri ya BSE (Battery State Estimate), kuzindikira mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi, kasamalidwe ka ma contactor, kasamalidwe kamafuta, kasamalidwe ka magwiridwe antchito, kasamalidwe kolipiritsa, kasamalidwe ka matenda, ndikuchita kasamalidwe ka maukonde amkati ndi kunja.Amalumikizana ndi omwe ali pansi pa CAN.

3) Kodi BMS imachita chiyani?

Ntchito za BMS ndi zambiri, koma pachimake ndi zomwe tida nkhawa nazo ndi mbali zitatu:

Imodzi ndi sensing (state management), yomwe ndi ntchito yayikulu ya BMS.Imayesa mphamvu yamagetsi, kukana, kutentha, ndipo pamapeto pake imazindikira momwe batire ilili.Tikufuna kudziwa momwe batire ilili, mphamvu ndi mphamvu zomwe zili nazo, momwe zilili zathanzi, mphamvu zomwe zimapanga, komanso kuti ndi zotetezeka bwanji.Izi ndi kumva.

Yachiwiri ndi kasamalidwe (balance management).Anthu ena amanena kuti BMS ndi nanny wa batire.Ndiye nanny uyu ayenera kuyang'anira.Zoyenera kuyang'anira?Ndiko kupanga batri kukhala yabwino momwe mungathere.Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwongolera bwino ndikuwongolera kutentha.

Chachitatu ndi chitetezo (safety management).Nanny alinso ndi ntchito yoti agwire.Ngati batire ili ndi mawonekedwe, iyenera kutetezedwa ndipo alamu iyenera kukwezedwa.

Inde, palinso gawo loyang'anira mauthenga lomwe limasamutsa deta mkati kapena kunja kwa dongosolo kudzera mu ndondomeko zina.

BMS ili ndi ntchito zina zambiri, monga kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kuyang'anira zotchingira, kasamalidwe kamafuta, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe sizikukambidwa pano.

 

3.1 Lingaliro - Kuyeza ndi Kuyerekeza

Ntchito yayikulu ya BMS ndikuyesa ndikuyerekeza magawo a batri, kuphatikiza magawo oyambira monga voteji, panopa, kutentha, ndi dziko, komanso kuwerengera kwa deta ya batri monga SOC ndi SOH.Munda wa mabatire amphamvu umaphatikizaponso kuwerengera kwa SOP (state of power) ndi SOE (state of energy), zomwe sizikukambidwa pano.Tidzayang'ana pazigawo ziwiri zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Muyeso wa maselo

1) Muyezo wa zidziwitso zoyambira: Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya kasamalidwe ka batire ndikuyesa mphamvu yamagetsi, yapano, ndi kutentha kwa ma cell a batire, omwe ndi maziko a mawerengedwe onse apamwamba komanso malingaliro owongolera mu kasamalidwe ka batri.

2) Kuyesa kukana kwa insulation: Kuyesa kwa insulation kumafunika pamayendedwe onse a batri ndi makina othamanga kwambiri mkati mwa kasamalidwe ka batire.

3) Kuzindikira kwapakati-voltage interlock (HVIL): amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo lonse lapamwamba lamagetsi ndi kuyambitsa njira zotetezera pamene kukhulupirika kwa chiwombankhanga chapamwamba kwambiri kumasokonekera.

Kuwerengera kwa SOC

SOC imatanthawuza State of Charge, yomwe ndi mphamvu yotsalira ya batri.Mwachidule, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zatsala mu batri.

SOC ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu BMS, popeza china chilichonse chimachokera pamenepo.Chifukwa chake, kulondola kwake komanso kulimba kwake (komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuwongolera zolakwika) ndikofunikira kwambiri.Popanda SOC yolondola, palibe kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chomwe chingapangitse BMS kugwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa batire nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuwonjezera moyo wa batri.

Pakadali pano, njira zowerengera za SOC zikuphatikiza njira yamagetsi yotseguka, njira yophatikizira yapano, njira yosefera ya Kalman, ndi njira ya neural network.Njira ziwiri zoyambirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Njira ziwiri zotsirizirazi zimaphatikizapo chidziwitso chapamwamba monga zitsanzo zophatikizana ndi luntha lochita kupanga, zomwe sizinafotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane apa.

M'magwiritsidwe ntchito, ma aligorivimu angapo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza, ndi ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana amatengedwa kutengera momwe batire ilili komanso kutulutsa.

njira yotseguka yamagetsi

Mfundo ya njira yamagetsi yotseguka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wokhazikika pakati pa voteji yotseguka ndi SOC pansi pa malo okhazikika a batri kwa nthawi yayitali, motero kuyerekezera SOC kutengera magetsi otseguka.Njinga yamagetsi ya batri ya asidi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale imagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kuyerekezera SOC.Njira yamagetsi yotseguka ndiyosavuta komanso yosavuta, koma palinso zovuta zambiri:

1. Batire iyenera kusiyidwa kuyimirira kwa nthawi yayitali, apo ayi voteji yotseguka idzakhala yovuta kukhazikika pakanthawi kochepa;

2. Pali voteji phiri mu mabatire, makamaka lithiamu chitsulo mankwala mabatire, kumene voteji terminal ndi SOC pamapindikira pafupifupi liniya pa SOC30% -80% osiyanasiyana;

3. Batire ili pa kutentha kosiyana kapena magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo, ndipo ngakhale kuti magetsi otseguka ndi ofanana, kusiyana kwenikweni kwa SOC kungakhale kwakukulu;

Monga momwe tawonetsera m'munsimu, tikamagwiritsa ntchito njinga yamagetsi iyi, ngati SOC yamakono ikuwonetsedwa ngati 100%, magetsi amatsika pamene akuthamanga, ndipo mphamvu ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ngati 80%.Tikasiya kuthamanga, voteji imakwera, ndipo mphamvu imalumphira ku 100%.Chifukwa chake chiwonetsero champhamvu cha scooter yathu yamagetsi sicholondola.Tikayima, imakhala ndi mphamvu, koma tikaiyamba, imathera mphamvu.Izi sizingakhale zovuta ndi batri, koma zitha kukhala chifukwa cha algorithm ya SoC ya BMS kukhala yosavuta.

An-Shi njira yofunika

Njira yophatikizira ya Anshicontinuous imawerengera mwachindunji mtengo wa SOC mu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera mu tanthauzo la SOC.

Chifukwa cha mtengo woyambirira wa SOC, malinga ngati batire yamakono imatha kuyeza (kumene kutulutsa kwatsopano kuli bwino), kusintha kwa mphamvu ya batri kungawerengedwe molondola kupyolera mu kuphatikiza kwamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti SOC yotsalira.

Njirayi ili ndi zotsatira zodalirika zoyerekeza mu nthawi yochepa, koma chifukwa cha zolakwika za kachipangizo kameneka komanso kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mphamvu ya batri, kusakanikirana kwa nthawi yaitali kudzayambitsa zopotoka zina.Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi njira yamagetsi yotseguka kuti athe kuyerekeza mtengo woyambira wa kuyerekezera kwa SOC ndi zofunikira zochepa zolondola, komanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira yosefera ya Kalman pakulosera kwakanthawi kochepa kwa SOC.

SOC (State Of Charge) ndi ya core control algorithm ya BMS, kuyimira mphamvu yomwe yatsala.Zimatheka makamaka kudzera mu njira yophatikizira ya ola la ampere ndi algorithm ya EKF (Extended Kalman Filter), yophatikizidwa ndi njira zowongolera (monga kuwongolera kwamagetsi otseguka, kuwongolera kwathunthu, kuwongolera komaliza, kuwongolera mphamvu pansi pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana ndi SOH, etc.).Njira yophatikizira ya ola la ampere ndi yodalirika pansi pa chikhalidwe chotsimikizira kulondola kwa kupezeka kwaposachedwa, koma sikolimba.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolakwika, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zowongolera.Njira ya EKF ndiyolimba koma ma aligorivimu ndi ovuta komanso ovuta kukhazikitsa.Opanga m'nyumba zodziwika bwino amatha kukwaniritsa zolondola zosakwana 6% kutentha kwa chipinda, koma kuyerekezera kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika komanso kutsika kwa batri ndizovuta.

Kusintha kwa SOC

Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwamakono, SOC yomwe ikuyerekezedwa ikhoza kukhala yolakwika, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzoyerekeza.

 

SOH kuwerengera

SOH imatanthawuza State of Health, yomwe imasonyeza momwe batire ilili panopa (kapena kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa batri).Imayimiridwa ngati mtengo pakati pa 0 ndi 100%, pomwe mitengo yochepera 80% nthawi zambiri imawonedwa kuti ikuwonetsa kuti batire siligwiritsidwanso ntchito.Ikhoza kuimiridwa ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya batri kapena kukana kwamkati.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, mphamvu yeniyeni ya batri yamakono imayesedwa potengera deta kuchokera ku ntchito ya batri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha izi ndi mphamvu yoyesedwa ndi SOH.SOH yolondola idzawongolera kulondola kwa ma modules ena pamene batire ikuwonongeka.

Pali matanthauzo awiri osiyana a SOH mumakampani:

Tanthauzo la SOH kutengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu

Pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion, zinthu zogwira ntchito mkati mwa batri zimachepa pang'onopang'ono, kukana kwamkati kumawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu imawonongeka.Chifukwa chake, SOH imatha kuyerekezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa batri.Umoyo wa batri umawonetsedwa ngati chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yomwe ilipo pakalipano, ndipo SOH yake imatanthauzidwa ngati:

SOH=(C_standard-C_fade)/C_standard ×100%

Kumene: C_fade ndi mphamvu yotayika ya batri;C_standard ndi mphamvu mwadzina.

Muyezo wa IEEE 1188-1996 umanena kuti mphamvu ya batire yamphamvu ikatsika kufika 80%, batireyo iyenera kusinthidwa.Choncho, nthawi zambiri timaganizira kuti SOH ya batri silipezeka pamene ili pansi pa 80%.

Tanthauzo la SOH kutengera kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu (Mphamvu Yambiri)

Kukalamba kwa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mabatire kudzatsogolera kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwa batri mkati.Kukwera kwapakati kukana kwa batri, kumachepetsa mphamvu yomwe ilipo.Chifukwa chake, SOH ikhoza kuganiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa mphamvu.

3.2 Kasamalidwe - Ukadaulo Woyenera

Batire iliyonse ili ndi "umunthu" wake

Kuti tikambirane za kulinganiza, tiyenera kuyamba ndi mabatire.Ngakhale mabatire opangidwa mu gulu lomwelo ndi wopanga yemweyo amakhala ndi moyo wawo komanso "umunthu" - mphamvu ya batri iliyonse singakhale yofanana ndendende.Pali zifukwa ziwiri za kusagwirizanaku:

Chimodzi ndicho kusagwirizana kwa kupanga maselo

Chimodzi ndi kusagwirizana kwa electrochemical reaction.

kusagwirizana kwa kupanga

Kusagwirizana kwa kupanga ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa.Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yopanga, kusagwirizana kwa diaphragm ndi kusagwirizana kwa zinthu za cathode ndi anode kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwa mphamvu zonse za batri.Batire yokhazikika ya 50AH ikhoza kukhala 49AH kapena 51AH.

kusagwirizana kwa electrochemical

Kusagwirizana kwa electrochemistry ndiko kuti pakutha kwa batire ndikutulutsa, ngakhale kupanga ndi kukonza ma cell awiriwa kuli kofanana, chilengedwe chotentha sichingakhale chofanana ndi njira ya electrochemical reaction.Mwachitsanzo, popanga ma module a batri, kutentha kwa mphete yozungulira kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa yapakati.Izi zimabweretsa kusagwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa kulipira ndi kutulutsa ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a batri asamagwirizane;Pamene kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa mafunde a filimu ya SEI pa selo ya batri sikugwirizana kwa nthawi yaitali, kukalamba kwa filimu ya SEI kudzakhalanso kosagwirizana.

* Kanema wa SEI: "mawonekedwe olimba a electrolyte" (mawonekedwe olimba a electrolyte).Pa woyamba mlandu kumaliseche ndondomeko ya madzi lifiyamu ion batire, elekitirodi chuma amachitira ndi electrolyte pa olimba-zamadzimadzi gawo mawonekedwe kupanga passivation wosanjikiza kuphimba pamwamba pa elekitirodi zakuthupi.SEI filimu ndi insulator pakompyuta koma kondakitala kwambiri lithiamu ayoni, amene osati amateteza elekitirodi komanso samakhudza batire ntchito.Kukalamba kwa kanema wa SEI kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi la batri.

Chifukwa chake, kusafanana (kapena discreteness) kwa mapaketi a batri ndi chiwonetsero chosalephereka cha magwiridwe antchito a batri.

Chifukwa chiyani kulinganiza kuli kofunika

Mabatire ndi osiyana, ndiye bwanji osayesa kuwapanga kuti akhale ofanana?Chifukwa kusagwirizana kudzakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa paketi ya batri.

Paketi ya batri yotsatizana imatsatira zotsatira za mbiya zazifupi: mu dongosolo la batri pakiti mndandanda, mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse la batri pakiti imatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri.

Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi paketi ya batri yokhala ndi mabatire atatu:

ndikudziwa kuti kuchulukitsa ndi kutulutsa mochulukitsitsa kumatha kuwononga kwambiri mabatire.Choncho, pamene batri B imayendetsedwa mokwanira panthawi yolipira kapena pamene SoC ya batri B ili yochepa kwambiri panthawi yotulutsa, m'pofunika kusiya kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa kuti muteteze batri B. Chotsatira chake, mphamvu ya mabatire A ndi C sangakhale mokwanira. kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Izi zimabweretsa:

Mphamvu yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito batire paketi yachepa: Battery A ndi C, zomwe zikanatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zilipo, tsopano sizitha kutero kuti zigwirizane ndi Battery B. Zili ngati anthu awiri pamiyendo itatu yomangidwa pamodzi, ndi munthu wamtali wosakhoza kuchita masitepe akuluakulu.

Kuchepetsa moyo wa batri: Kutalika kocheperako kumafunikira masitepe ambiri ndipo kumapangitsa kuti miyendo ikhale yotopa kwambiri.Ndi mphamvu yocheperako, kuchuluka kwa ma charger ndi kutulutsa kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire iwonongeke kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, selo limodzi limatha kukwaniritsa maulendo a 4000 pa 100% DoD, koma pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni silingathe kufika 100% ndipo chiwerengero cha maulendo sichidzafika 4000.

*DoD, Kuzama kwa kutulutsa, kumayimira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yotulutsa batire ku kuchuluka kwa batire.

Kusagwirizana kwa mabatire kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a paketi ya batri.Pamene kukula kwa gawo la batri ndi lalikulu, zingwe zambiri za mabatire zimagwirizanitsidwa motsatizana, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magetsi kumapangitsa kuti bokosi lonse likhale lochepa.Mabatire ochulukirachulukira olumikizidwa mndandanda, amataya mphamvu zambiri.Komabe, m'mapulogalamu athu, makamaka pamakina osungira mphamvu, pali zofunika ziwiri:

Yoyamba ndi batri ya moyo wautali, yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri ntchito ndi kukonza ndalama.Makina osungira mphamvu ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa batire paketi.Zambiri zapakhomo zimapangidwira zaka 15.Ngati tilingalira zozungulira 300 pachaka, zaka 15 ndizozungulira 4500, zomwe zikadali zapamwamba kwambiri.Tiyenera kukulitsa moyo wa batri iliyonse kuti moyo wonse wa paketi yonse ya batri ufikire moyo wa mapangidwe momwe tingathere, ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa batire pa moyo wa paketi ya batri.

Kuzungulira kwachiwiri kwakuya, makamaka muzochitika zogwiritsira ntchito kumeta nsonga, kutulutsa kWh imodzi yamagetsi kudzabweretsa mfundo imodzi yowonjezera.Ndiye kuti, tidzachita 80% DoD kapena 90% DoD.Pamene kuzungulira kwakuya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu, kubalalitsidwa kwa batri panthawi yotulutsa mchira kudzawonekera.Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuwonetsetsa kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa mphamvu ya selo iliyonse pansi pa kuthamangitsidwa kwambiri komanso kutulutsa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti BMS yosungiramo mphamvu ikhale ndi mphamvu zowongolera zofananira ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa kusasinthika pakati pa maselo a batri. .

Zofunikira ziwirizi ndizosiyana ndendende ndi kusagwirizana kwa batri.Kuti tikwaniritse ntchito zama batire zogwira ntchito bwino, tiyenera kukhala ndi ukadaulo wowongolera bwino kuti tichepetse kusagwirizana kwa batire.

Equilibrium teknoloji

Ukadaulo wolinganiza mabatire ndi njira yopangira mabatire okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana kukhala zofanana.Pali njira ziwiri zofananira zofananira: kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu unidirectional equalization (passive equalization) ndi kutengera mphamvu kwa bidirectional equalization (kufanana kogwira).

(1) Kuchita zinthu mwanzeru

Mfundo yokhazikika yofananira ndikufanana ndi choletsa chotulutsa chosinthika pamtundu uliwonse wa mabatire.BMS imayang'anira choletsa chotulutsa kuti chitulutse ma cell amagetsi apamwamba, kutaya mphamvu yamagetsi ngati kutentha.Mwachitsanzo, batire B ikangokwana, chosinthira chimatsegulidwa kuti choletsa pa batire B chiwononge mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo ngati kutentha.Kenako kulipiritsa kumapitilira mpaka mabatire A ndi C nawonso ali ndi chaji.

Njirayi imangotulutsa ma cell amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo sangathe kubwezeretsanso ma cell amphamvu kwambiri.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya kukana kutulutsa, kufananiza komweko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa (zosakwana 1A).

Ubwino wa kungokhala chete ndi mtengo wotsika komanso kapangidwe kosavuta kazungulira;kuipa ndi zachokera otsikitsitsa otsala mphamvu batire kwa equalization, amene sangathe kuonjezera mphamvu ya mabatire ndi otsika otsala mphamvu, ndi kuti 100% ya mphamvu equalized ndi kutayidwa mu mawonekedwe a kutentha.

(2) Kuchita zinthu moyenera

Kupyolera mu ma aligorivimu, zingwe zingapo za mabatire zimasamutsa mphamvu ya ma cell-voltage kupita ku maselo otsika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosungira mphamvu, kutulutsa mabatire apamwamba kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuti azilipiritsa ma cell otsika.Mphamvuyi imasamutsidwa makamaka osati kutayidwa.

Mwanjira iyi, pakulipiritsa, batire B, yomwe imafika 100% voliyumu poyamba, imatuluka ku A ndi C, ndipo mabatire atatu amayendetsedwa palimodzi.Panthawi yotulutsa, pamene mtengo wotsalira wa batri B uli wotsika kwambiri, A ndi C "charge" B, kotero kuti selo B silingafike pakhomo la SOC kuti liyimitse kutulutsa mwamsanga.

Zinthu zazikulu zaukadaulo wofananira

(1) Sungani mphamvu yamagetsi apamwamba ndi otsika kuti muwongolere bwino batire paketi: Pakulipira ndi kutulutsa ndikupumula, mabatire othamanga kwambiri amatha kutulutsidwa ndipo mabatire otsika amatha kuyimbidwa;

(2) Kutumiza kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono: mphamvu imasamutsidwa makamaka m'malo mongotayika, kuwongolera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu;

(3) Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwamakono: Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yofanana imakhala pakati pa 1 ndi 10A, ndipo kufanana kumathamanga;

Kulinganiza kogwira kumafuna kasinthidwe ka mabwalo ofananirako ndi zida zosungira mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale voliyumu yayikulu komanso mtengo wokwera.Zinthu ziwirizi palimodzi zimatsimikizira kuti kufananiza kogwira sikophweka kukwezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolimbirana yotsatsira ndikutulutsa imawonjezera moyo wa batire.Kwa maselo omwe amafunikira kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa kuti akwaniritse bwino, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kowonjezerako kungapangitse kuti apitirire kukalamba kwa maselo wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi ma cell ena.

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mawu awiri omwe ali pamwambawa ayenera kugwirizana ndi kusamvana kosagwirizana ndi kusamvana.Kaya ikugwira ntchito kapena kungokhala chete ziyenera kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana.Ngati dongosololi lifika pamalo pomwe liyenera kukhala lopanda pake, silimangokhala.Ngati idakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu, kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yolinganiza ngati sikofunikira kulinganiza kumatchedwa active equilibrium.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene kutulutsa kuli kumapeto, selo yotsika kwambiri yamagetsi yafika pamagetsi otsekemera, pamene maselo ena akadali ndi mphamvu.Panthawiyi, kuti athetse magetsi ochuluka momwe angathere, dongosololi limasamutsa magetsi a maselo amphamvu kwambiri ku maselo otsika mphamvu, zomwe zimalola kuti ntchito yotulutsa ipitirire mpaka mphamvu yonse itatulutsidwa.Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yofananira.Ngati dongosololi likulosera kuti padzakhala kusalinganika kumapeto kwa kutulutsa pamene pali 40% ya mphamvu yotsalira, idzayamba ntchito yofanana yofanana.

Equalization yogwira imagawidwa m'njira zapakati komanso zogawa.Njira yapakati yofananira imapeza mphamvu kuchokera ku paketi yonse ya batri, kenako imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chosinthira mphamvu kuti iwonjezere mphamvu kumabatire opanda mphamvu zochepa.Decentralized equalization imaphatikizapo ulalo wosungira mphamvu pakati pa mabatire oyandikana nawo, omwe amatha kukhala chowongolera kapena capacitor, kulola mphamvu kuyenda pakati pa mabatire oyandikana nawo.

Mundondomeko yamakono yoyendetsera bwino, pali ena omwe amatenga mphamvu yamagetsi ngati gawo lowongolera, palinso omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito SOC ngati gawo lowongolera.Kutenga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi monga chitsanzo.

Choyamba, khazikitsani zikhalidwe zoyambira ndikumaliza kufananiza: mwachitsanzo, mumagulu a mabatire, pomwe kusiyana pakati pa voteji yayikulu ya cell imodzi ndi pafupifupi voteji ya seti ifika 50mV, kufananiza kumayambika, ndipo pamene imafika 5mV, kufananiza kwatha.

BMS imasonkhanitsa voteji ya selo iliyonse molingana ndi nthawi yogulitsira yokhazikika, imawerengera mtengo wapakati, kenako imawerengera kusiyana pakati pa voteji ya selo iliyonse ndi mtengo wapakati;

Ngati kusiyana kwakukulu kufika pa 50mV, BMS iyenera kuyambitsa ndondomeko yofanana;

Pitirizani sitepe 2 panthawi yofananira mpaka kusiyana kwake kukhale kochepera 5mV, ndiyeno kuthetsa kufanana.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti si ma BMS onse omwe amafunikira sitepe iyi, ndipo njira zotsatila zingasiyane malinga ndi njira yoyenera.

Ukadaulo waukadaulo umagwirizananso ndi mtundu wa batri.Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti LFP ndiyoyenera kukhazikika bwino, pomwe mabatire a ternary ndi oyenera kungokhala chete.

Gawo la mpikisano waukulu mu BMS limathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mtengo komanso kudalirika.Pakadali pano, kutsimikizira koyeserera kwa kulinganiza kogwira sikunakwaniritsidwe.Mulingo wachitetezo chogwira ntchito ukuyembekezeka kulowera ku ASIL-C ndi ASIL-D, koma mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, makampani akuluakulu omwe alipo akusamala za kafukufuku wokhazikika.Mafakitale ena akuluakulu amafunanso kuletsa gawo lolinganiza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zichitike kunja, zofanana ndi kukonza magalimoto amafuta.Nthawi iliyonse galimoto ikayenda mtunda wina, imapita ku sitolo ya 4S kuti igwirizane ndi kunja.Izi zichepetsa mtengo wagalimoto yonse ya BMS ndikupindulanso ndi sitolo yofananira ya 4S.Ndizochitika zopambana kwa maphwando onse.Chifukwa chake, panokha, ndikumvetsetsa kuti izi zitha kukhala chizolowezi!

3.3 Chitetezo - kuzindikira zolakwika ndi alamu

Kuwunika kwa BMS kumayenderana ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndipo zimagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana olephera (kulephera pang'ono, kulephera kwakukulu, kulephera kowopsa) molingana ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana a batri.Njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito zimatengedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana olephera: chenjezo, kuchepetsa mphamvu kapena kudula mwachindunji kwamagetsi.Zolephera zikuphatikizapo kupeza deta ndi kulephera kwa kulingalira, kulephera kwa magetsi (sensa ndi ma actuators), kulephera kwa kulankhulana, ndi kulephera kwa batri.

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi pamene batri ikuwotcha, BMS imatsimikizira kuti batri ikuwotcha kwambiri malinga ndi kutentha kwa batri komwe kumasonkhanitsidwa, ndiyeno imayendetsa dera la batri iyi kuti iwonongeke, imapanga chitetezo chambiri, ndikutumiza chenjezo ku machitidwe oyang'anira monga EMS.

3.4 Kulankhulana

Kuchita bwino kwa BMS sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi ntchito yake yolumikizirana.Kaya ikuwongolera batire panthawi yowongolera batire, kutumiza mawonekedwe a batri kupita kudziko lakunja, kapena kulandira malangizo owongolera, kulumikizana kokhazikika ndikofunikira.

Mu dongosolo la batri la mphamvu, mapeto amodzi a BMS amagwirizanitsidwa ndi batri, ndipo mapeto ena amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.Chilengedwe chonse chimagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya CAN, koma pali kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito CAN mkati pakati pa zigawo zamkati za batire paketi ndikugwiritsa ntchito CAN yagalimoto pakati pa batire paketi ndi galimoto yonse.

Mosiyana ndi izi, BMS yosungirako mphamvu ndi kulankhulana kwamkati makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya CAN, koma kulankhulana kwake kunja (kunja makamaka kumatanthawuza malo osungira magetsi opangira magetsi a PCS) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Internet protocol TCP / IP protocol ndi modbus protocol.

4) BMS yosungirako mphamvu

Opanga ma BMS osungira mphamvu nthawi zambiri adachokera ku BMS yamphamvu yamagetsi, kotero mapangidwe ndi mawu ambiri ali ndi mbiri yakale

Mwachitsanzo, batire yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imagawidwa kukhala BMU (Battery Monitor Unit) ndi BCU (Battery Control Unit), yomwe kale inali kusonkhanitsa deta ndipo yomalizayo imayang'anira.

Chifukwa maselo a batri ndi njira ya electrochemical, maselo ambiri a batri amapanga batri.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a batri iliyonse ya batri, ziribe kanthu momwe njira yopangira imakhalira yolondola, padzakhala zolakwika ndi zosagwirizana mu selo lililonse la batri pakapita nthawi komanso malingana ndi chilengedwe.Chifukwa chake, kasamalidwe ka batri ndikuwunika momwe batire ilili kudzera pazigawo zochepa, zomwe zimafanana ndi dokotala waku China yemwe amazindikira wodwala powona zizindikiro m'malo mwamankhwala aku Western omwe amafunikira kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mankhwala.Kusanthula kwakuthupi ndi kwamankhwala kwa thupi la munthu kuli kofanana ndi mawonekedwe a electrochemical a batri, omwe amatha kuyesedwa ndi zida zazikulu zoyesera.Komabe, ndizovuta kwa machitidwe ophatikizidwa kuti ayese zizindikiro zina za electrochemistry.Chifukwa chake, BMS ili ngati dotolo wakale waku China.

4.1 Zomangamanga za magawo atatu a BMS yosungirako mphamvu

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maselo a batri m'makina osungira mphamvu, kuti apulumutse ndalama, BMS nthawi zambiri ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zigawo, ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu.Pakali pano, chodziwika bwino ndi zigawo zitatu: master control / master control / kapolo.

4.2 Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za BMS yosungirako mphamvu

5) Mkhalidwe wamakono ndi zochitika zamtsogolo

Pali mitundu ingapo ya opanga omwe amapanga BMS:

Gulu loyamba ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopambana kwambiri mu batire yamphamvu ya BMS - mafakitale amagalimoto.Ndipotu, mphamvu zopangira BMS zamphamvu kwambiri kunja ndi mafakitale a galimoto, monga General Motors, Tesla, etc. Kunyumba, pali BYD, Huating Power, ndi zina zotero.

Gulu lachiwiri ndi mafakitale a batri, kuphatikizapo opanga ma cell ndi opanga mapaketi, monga Samsung, Ningde Times, Xinwangda, Desay Battery, Topband Co., Ltd., Beijing Purrad, etc.;

Mtundu wachitatu wa opanga BMS ndi omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri muukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, ndipo ali ndi magulu a R&D omwe ali ndi mayunivesite kapena mabizinesi okhudzana nawo, monga Eternal Electronics, Hangzhou Gaote Electronics, Xie Neng Technology, ndi Kegong Electronics.

Mosiyana ndi BMS ya mabatire amphamvu, omwe makamaka amatsogoleredwa ndi opanga magalimoto otsiriza, zikuwoneka kuti otsiriza ogwiritsira ntchito mabatire osungira mphamvu alibe kufunikira kapena zochita zenizeni kuti achite nawo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga BMS.N'zokayikitsanso kuti adzawononga ndalama zambiri ndi mphamvu kuti apange machitidwe akuluakulu oyendetsa mabatire.Choncho, zikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti makampani osungira mphamvu a batire a BMS alibe wosewera mpira wofunikira wokhala ndi ubwino wambiri, akusiya malo akuluakulu a chitukuko ndi kulingalira kwa opanga mabatire ndi ogulitsa omwe akuyang'ana pa BMS yosungirako mphamvu.Ngati msika wosungira mphamvu wakhazikitsidwa, udzapatsa opanga mabatire ndi akatswiri opanga BMS malo ambiri otukuka komanso kukana kupikisana.

Panopa, pali ochepa akatswiri opanga BMS lolunjika pa chitukuko cha BMS yosungiramo mphamvu, makamaka chifukwa chakuti msika yosungirako mphamvu akadali wakhanda ndipo akadali kukayikira zambiri za chitukuko cha tsogolo yosungirako mphamvu mu msika.Choncho, opanga ambiri sanapange BMS yokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu.M'malo enieni abizinesi, palinso opanga omwe amagula batire yagalimoto yamagetsi BMS kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati BMS ya mabatire osungira mphamvu.Akukhulupirira kuti m'tsogolomu, akatswiri opanga magalimoto amagetsi a BMS nawonso atha kukhala gawo lofunikira la ogulitsa BMS omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti akuluakulu osungira mphamvu.

Pakadali pano, pali kusowa kwa miyezo yofananira ya BMS yoperekedwa ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana osungira mphamvu.Opanga osiyanasiyana ali ndi mapangidwe ndi matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana a BMS, ndipo kutengera mabatire osiyanasiyana omwe amagwirizana nawo, algorithm ya SOX, ukadaulo wofananira, ndi zomwe zidakwezedwa za data zolumikizana zimathanso kusiyanasiyana.Pogwiritsira ntchito BMS, kusiyana koteroko kudzawonjezera ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito komanso kuwononga chitukuko cha mafakitale.Chifukwa chake, kuyimitsidwa ndikusintha kwa BMS kudzakhalanso gawo lofunikira lachitukuko mtsogolomo.